Plants, flowering

Alkaloids occur chiefly in flowering plants, especially in the Ranunculaceae, Papavera-ceae and Solanaceae, but are widespread... 

There is a further complication in shallow lakes containing macrophytes (aquatic flowering plants, pteridophytes, and macroalgae). These take up and accumulate nutrients from the water and from the aquatic soil in which they are rooted (sediment). Although these plants are sometimes classed as nuisance weeds, they nevertheless act as an important alternative sink for nutrients which are denied to the plankton. In recent times, a key role of macrophytes in the successful and sustained management of water quality has been identified and explained. ... 

The same compound, linalol, is the parent substance of oil of lavender. The study of the progressive development of this oil in the plant tissues was carried out on three samples which were distilPd at intervals of a fortnight, the first from flowers in the budding stage, the second from the fully flowering plants, and the third from the plants with the flowers faded. The essential oils thus obtained had the following characters — ... 

Oil Extracted before the Oil Extracted after the Formation of the Buds. 4. Oil Extracted from the Flowering Plants. 

To date, 152 species of flowering plants belonging to 46 different families, as well as a few species of mushrooms, mosses, ferns, and lichens, have been screened. Extracts from 20 seed plants have shown enough inhibitory activity to warrant further study. Leaf extracts of members of three families, Liliaceae, Pinaceae, and Labiateae, show a high incidence of antiviral agents. Several members of the Capri-foliaceae, on the other hand, contain virus-stimulating agents. 

Cretaceous 138 Myr Gondwana begins to break up. Continued radiation of flowering plants mammals begin diversifying. Meteorite strikes Yucatan Peninsula at end of period causing mass extinction (ca. 75% of all species disappear)... 

Cenozoic Tertiary 66 Myr Climate Cools. Continents nearing modern positions. Drying trend in middle of period. Radiation of birds, mammals, flowering plants, pollinating insects... 

Stebbins, G.L. (1974). Flowering Plants Evolution above the Species Level. London Arnold. 

Heywood, V.H. (ed.) (1978). Flowering Plants of the World. Oxford Oxford University Press. 

The colors of flowering plants such as hydrangeas are highly sensitive to soil acidity. At pH > 6.5, these showy flowers are deep pink, but at pH < 5, the blossoms are vivid blue. The chemistry of these changes involves complexation of aluminum by pigments that have acidic groups, as the structures show. 

Bailey, I. W. and Smith, A. C. 1942. Degeneriaceae, a new family of flowering plants from Fiji. J. Arnold Arbor. 23 356-365. 

Cronquist, A. 1981. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press, New York, NY. 

Patterns of differentiation in flowering plants. Pages 55-60 in A. Graham (ed.)... 

The archaic flowering plant family Degeneiiaceae its bearing on an old enigma. 

Takhajan, A. 1969. Flowering Plants Origin and Dispersal. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 

Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R. and Sohmer, S. H. 1990,1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai i. Vols. 1 and 2. University of Hawai i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. -------and Funk, V. A. (eds.) 1995. Hawaiian Biogeography Evolution on a Hot Spot Archipelago., Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 

Wen, J. 1999. Evolution of eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunct distributions in flowering plants. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 30 421-455. 

HIRSCHBERG J (2001) Carotenoid biosynthesis in flowering plants , Curr Opin Plant Biol, 4, 210-18. 

SCHLEDZ M, AL-BABILI S, VON LINTIG J, HAUBRUCK H, RABBANI S, KLEINIG H and BEYER P (1996) Phytoene synthase fcom Narcissus pseudonarcissus functional expression, galactolipid requirement, topological distribution in chromoplasts and induction during flowering . Plant J, 10, 781-92. 

Carpita, N.C. and Gibeaut, D.M. (1993) Stmctural models of primary ceU walls in flowering plants consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the waUs during growth. Plant J. 3 1-30. 

Leaves and flower plants Cabbage, Chinese cabbage, Japanese radish (leaves), broccoli, komatuna, soybeans (immature), field pea, kidney beans (immature), onion, garlic, scaUion, hops... 

St John s wort is a yellow flowering plant that was first used medicinally by the ancient Greeks as a diuretic and a treatment for wounds and menstrual disorders. This herbal remedy is widely prescribed in Germany, where it has been studied extensively in clinical trials as a treatment for depression. In most countries, including the UK, it is available over the counter. In Ireland it is available only by prescription. Recently, a team of German scientists led by Klaus Linde at the University of Munich published a comprehensive review of 29 clinical trials of St John s wort, involving more than 5,000 depressed patients. They concluded that it is more effective than placebos and as effective as standard antidepressants in the treatment of major depression. 

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