Potato beetle

Bacillus thuriengensis tenebrionis Colorado potato beetle... 

Insect species Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata 0.03... 

Potato Monsanto/1994 CrylllA protein Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (Btt) Resistance to Colorado potato beetle... 

The speed of propagation of the action potential does not depend on the location of a working electrode in the stem of the plant [Figs. 19(a)-(c)] or in the tuber [Figs. 19(d) and 20], or on the distance between the working and reference electrodes (Fig. 21). The speed of propagation of the action potential induced by the Colorado potato beetle can be determined from the slope of the dependence of the time interval between peaks on the distance between electrodes (Fig. 21) and is about 0.05 cm/s. 

FIG. 21 The time dependence between positive and negative peaks of action potential induced by Colorado potato beetles on the distance between electrodes. The plants were given water every other day and kept at 20° C. A few electrodes were immersed in potato seed and different parts of the plant stem 2 h before measurements of the potential difference. (From Ref. 7.)... 

The introduction of the Colorado potato beetle into various European countries has created a potential market for insecticides. Its recent spread into Germany and Poland has been followed by a marked increase in the use of various kinds. The past history of this insect indicates that steadily increasing amounts of insecticides will be needed annually in order to control it. 

Although most of the values in Table V are only approximate, they are in general agreement with the more precise values obtained with the same species of insects. Table V provides values for three insects not appearing in earlier tables—namely, potato beetles, cnethocampidae, and book lice. The potato beetle is more susceptible to DDT, and the cnethocampidae and book lice are more susceptible to DFDT. 

The use of plant extracts for insect control dates into antiquity the use of Paris green as an insecticide for control of the Colorado potato beetle in 1867 probably marks the beginning of the modern era of chemical control of injurious insects. The development of lead arsenate followed later in the nineteenth century for gypsy moth control. The commercial production of nicotine insecticides, the production of calcium arsenate at the time of the first world war, and the use of fluorine, arsenical, and cyanide compounds, as well as other inorganic chemicals for insect control, were important steps in pest control. These chemicals were applied largely by dilute high pressure sprays or dusts. 

Ignoring Geigy s biologists, Muller continued testing. He tried DDT on root-eating May bugs, winter moths, and Colorado potato beetles, the scourge of Swiss potato fields. In a key trial, Muller went outside and sprin-... 

By the beginning of the 1990s, houseflies, Colorado potato beetles, cockroaches, peach aphids, cabbage moths and several other insect species became insensitive to all the insecticides used. 

A field operator exposure study was designed to accommodate the chemical properties and the use pattern involved in the treatment of potato crops for protection against the Colorado potato beetle. Fifteen farmworkers experienced in the use of tractor-drawn sprayers for application of crop protection materials to crops were selected. All were adult males. To avoid production of a large quantity of treated potato crop prior to registration of the product for sale, the trials were performed on stubble fields after harvest of winter wheat crops in a potato-growing area of southern Ontario. This allowed the use of typical farm spray equipment and a typical duration of exposure for a complete shift of work. 

S)-3,7-Dimethyl-2-oxo-6-octene-l,3-diol (39) was recently identified as the aggregation pheromone of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decem-lineata), and synthesized by Oliver et al., starting from (S)-linalool [86]. An improved synthesis of (S)-39 by Mori is shown in Scheme 57 [87]. Enzymatic acetylation of ( )-2,3-epoxynerol (A) with vinyl acetate and lipase PS gave B together with C. The acetate B was converted to a multi-gram quantity of (S)-39 according to Oliver [86]. 

Biological Beuveria bassiana Mycotrol, Naturalis Thrips, whitefly, aphid, Colorado potato beetle, caterpillars, ants Various fruits and vegetables Insecticide... 

Secondary Hazards Crop debris Mechanical Vectors (contaminated containers farm implements wash water) Vectors (Colorado potato beetle flea beetle leafhoppers sucking insects such as aphids). 

Approximately 55 different commercial formulations of chlordecone have been prepared since its introduction in 1958 (Epstein 1978). The major form of chlordecone, which was used as a pesticide on food products, was a wettable powder (50% chlordecone) (Epstein 1978). Formulations of chlordecone commonly used for nonfood products were in the form of granules and dusts containing 5% or 10% active ingredient (Epstein 1978). Other formulations of chlordecone contained the following percentages of active ingredient 0.125% (used in the United States in ant and roach traps), 5% (exported for banana and potato dusting), 25% (used in the United States in ant and roach bait), 50% (used to control mole crickets in Florida), and 90% (exported to Europe for conversion to kelevan for use on Colorado potato beetles in eastern European countries) (Epstein 1978). 

While the existence of a female produced sex pheromone in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata has been the subject of controversy for many years (for a discussion see [368]) a male produced pheromone has... 

Mnlches also rednee numbers of some insects, snch as Colorado potato beetles, by preventing their emergence from the soil where they overwintered and by slowing their migration from weedy overwintering sites to plants in the garden. 

A new form of Bt, sold as M-one , is effective against Colorado potato beetles. Other forms of the bacterium are being investigated and may soon be available to control additional insects. 

Colorado potato beetle, diamond back moth, pear psylla, and Liriomyza leafminers can be achieved at extremely low application rates of MK-936 in the range of 0.005-0.03 lb per acre (5.5 - 33 g per hectare). For foliage applications a 0.15 EC (1.8% w/v) emulsifiable concentrate formulation has been developed. Field studies have shown that the formulation is non-phytotoxic to all target crops on which it has been evaluated including many varieties of sensitive ornamental plants. 

Scott IM, Jensen H, Scott JG, Isman MB, Arnason JT, Philogene BJR, Botanical insecticides for controlling agricultural pests Piperamides and the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae), Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 54 212—225, 2003. 

The male produced aggregation pheromone of the Colorado potato beetle, Lepitnotarsa decemlineata, (5)-l,3-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-2-one and its (f )-isomer were synthesized using lipase-catalyzed asymmetric acetylation of +)-2,... 

The method was initially developed as an assay of purity of Leptinotarsin, a protein in the hemolymph of the Colorado Potato Beetle (7) based on an idea of Fraenkel and Hsiao (S). Details of the method are given elsewhere ( ). Enough flies for an experiment are chilled and remain immobile in a Petri dish on ice. A volume of the solution being assayed, usually 1.5 pi is injected into the fly with a fine syringe needle. The fly is left for 10 minutes at room... 

Wyrostkiewicz, K., Wawrzyniak, M., Barczak, T., Aniszewski, T. and Gulewicz, K. 1996. An evidence for insectoside activity of some preparations from alkaloid-rich lupin seeds on Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), larvae of... 

Bamberg, J. B., Longtine, C., Radcliffe, E. B. (1996). Fine screening Solanum (potato) germplasm accessions for resistance to Colorado potato beetle. American Journal of Potato Research, 73, 211-223. 

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