Lupin seeds

Lupine seed, though used primarily in animal feeds (see Feeds AND FEED ADDITIVES), does have potential for use in human appHcations as a replacement for soy flour, and is reported to contain both trypsin inhibitors and hemagglutenins (17). The former are heat labile at 90°C for 8 minutes the latter seem much more stable to normal cooking temperatures. Various tropical root crops, including yam, cassava, and taro, are also known to contain both trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, and certain varieties of sweet potatoes may also be impHcated (18). 

Owing to the use of lupin seeds for feeding animals, much attention has been given to the selection of species free from the more toxic alkaloids of the group, particularly sparteine, to methods of removing alkaloids from the seeds, a subjeet on which there is an extensive literature and to methods of estimating alkaloids in lupins on which a critical review has been published by Brahm and Andresen. ... 

Although pectic materials are known to be present in wood, it is not clear whether this e-galactan is a component of wood pectin, and in view of the wide difference in structure between this galactan and the one associated with pectin in lupin seeds, further investigations of this point will be awaited with special interest. 

Species that produce rather few and heavy seeds store up to 5 % alkaloids in addition to ca. 30 % storage protein. We have estimated that QA contribute ca. 10 % of the total nitrogen stored in lupin seeds. Therefore another minor role of QA could be nitrogen storage (17, 18). ... 

Lupin seeds provide a protein- and lipid-rich diet that is almost equivalent to Soya. In order to avoid the toxic alkaloids, sweet lupin varieties have been selected by plant breeding. But in view of our results it is doubtful whether it is wise to destroy a natural resistance factor. It is thus not surprising that sweet... 

Endosperm cell-walls of barley and oats Palm kernels, lupin seed... 

The simple ohservahon that white seeds are sweeter that black seeds was used in the construction of a practical method of judging lupine seeds qualitatively. This method cannot he used with confidence, because, especially in white lupine, even very white seeds can have a high alkaloid content. On the other hand, plants from the same species are sweet . In some species, for example in the case of L. angustifolius or l. luteus, the tendency of white seeds to be sweet is more likely but not absolutely certain. 

Aniszewski, T., Ciesiolka, D. and Gulewicz, K. 2001. Equilibrium between basic nitrogen compounds in lupin seeds with differentiated alkaloid content. Phytochemistry, 57 43-50. 

Wyrostkiewicz, K., Wawrzyniak, M., Barczak, T., Aniszewski, T. and Gulewicz, K. 1996. An evidence for insectoside activity of some preparations from alkaloid-rich lupin seeds on Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), larvae of... 

Wysocka, W., Brukwicki, T., Jaloszyfiski, R. and Hoffman, K. 1989. A new and efficient method of extraction of alkaloids from lupine seeds. Lupin Newsletter, 13 59-65. 

Reinhard, H., Rupp, H., Sager, F., Streule, M. and Zoller, O. 2006. Quinolizidine alkaloids and phomopsins in lupin seeds and lupin containing food. Journal of Chromatography A, 1112(1-2) 353-360. 

Peretiatkowicz, M., Markiewicz, M., Wojtaszek, P., Sencel, M., Kolanowska, A., Twardowski, T. and Gulewicz, K. 1987. The treatment of lupin seeds for their utilization as fodder. Lupin Newsletter, 10 31-35. 

The composition of white lupin seed was 340-380g/kg CP and 7.7MJ MEJ kg (DM basis) for poultry. 

Moschini et al. (2005) conducted a study in which sweet white lupin seed was included in broiler diets at 50 and 100 g/kg as a replacement for soybean meal. Growth rate was improved with the lower level of lupin seed but was reduced with the higher level. 

The above findings suggest that lupin seed can be a useful alternative to soybeans in poultry diet. However, their inclusion, like that of several other... 

Roth-Maier, D.A. and Paulicks, B.R. (2004) Blue and yellow lupin seed in the feeding of broiler chicks. In Santen, E. and van Hill, G.D. (eds) Wild and Cultivated Lupins from the Tropics to the Poles. Proceedings of the 10th International Lupin Conference. Laugarvatn, Iceland, 19-24 June 2002, pp. 333-335. 

Table 4.1.17A. Lupinseed meal sweet white (IFN 5-27-717). The ground whole seed of the species Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius or Lupinus luteus. It has to contain less than 0.3g total alkaloids/kg. The species of seed must be listed after the name Sweet lupin seeds, ground . (From CFIA, 2007.) ...

Crespo, J.F., Rodriguez, J., Vives, R. et al. 2001. Occupational IgE-mediated allergy after exposure to lupine seed flour. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108 295-297. 

The enzyme splitting both adenosine-tetraphosphate and guanosine-tetraphosphate was purified to homogeneity from yellow lupin seeds (Guranowski et al., 1997). The polypeptide of 25 kDa catalysed the hydrolysis of nucleoside-5 -tetraphosphate to nucleoside triphosphate and P , and hydrolysed PolyP3, but neither pyrophosphate nor PolyPs The divalent carions Mg2+, Co2+, Ni2+ or Mn2+ were required for the reaction. 

A. Guranowski, E. Starzynska, P. Brown and G. M. Blackburn (1997). Adenosine 5 -tetraphosphate phosphohydrolase from yellow lupin seeds purification to homogeneity and some properties. Biochem. J., 328, 257-262. 

Santana, F. C., Beirao da Costa, M. L., Empis, J. M. A. Evaluational enzimatic preparations in the debittering of lupin seeds flowers. Proc. of the 6th International Lupin Conference, Chile (1990). 

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