Sodium-potassium mixtures

Potassium and Potassium-Sodium. Mixtures are shock sensitive and explode very violently.2,3... 

CHLOROPROPANE (540-54-5) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point <0°F/ < —18°C). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, alkaline earth metals, aluminum powder, potassium, sodium. Mixtures with divalent metals slowly form explosive materials. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. 

MetaHic potassium and potassium—sodium alloys are made by the reaction of sodium with fused KCl (8,98) or KOH (8,15). Calcium metal and calcium hydride are prepared by the reduction of granular calcium chloride with sodium or sodium and hydrogen, respectively, at temperatures below the fusion point of the resulting salt mixtures (120,121). 

The alkynylation of estrone methyl ether with the lithium, sodium and potassium derivatives of propargyl alcohol, 3-butyn-l-ol, and propargyl aldehyde diethyl acetal in pyridine and dioxane has been studied by Miller. Every combination of alkali metal and alkyne tried, but one, gives the 17a-alkylated products (65a), (65c) and (65d). The exception is alkynylation with the potassium derivative of propargyl aldehyde diethyl acetal in pyridine at room temperature, which produces a mixture of epimeric 17-(3, 3 -diethoxy-T-propynyl) derivatives. The rate of alkynylation of estrone methyl ether depends on the structure of the alkyne and proceeds in the order propar-gylaldehyde diethyl acetal > 3-butyn-l-ol > propargyl alcohol. The reactivity of the alkali metal salts is in the order potassium > sodium > lithium. 

Pipette 25 mL barium ion solution (ca 0.01 M) into a 250 mL conical flask and dilute to about 100 mL with de-ionised water. Adjust the pH of the solution to 12 by the addition of 3-6 mL of 1M sodium hydroxide solution the pH must be checked with a pH meter as it must lie between 11.5 and 12.7. Add 50 mg of methyl thymol blue/potassium nitrate mixture [see Section 10.50(C)] and titrate with standard (0.01 M) EDTA solution until the colour changes from blue to grey. 

This is the case with nitrites and alkaline nitrates. Sodium nitrite/potassium cyanide mixture has been suggested as a primary explosive for detonators. 

It reacts rather violently with numerous metals. With molten sodium, the reaction is strong. With potassium, the mixture incandesces but, if a large quantity of potassium in excess is used, there is deflagration. With zinc, cadmium and tin, there is incandescence. In the latter case, tin telluride, SnTe, forms. 

Attempts to follow a published procedure for the preparation of 1,3 -dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate salts [1], involving reductive coupling of carbon disulfide with alkali metals, have led to violent explosions with potassium metal, but not with sodium [2], However, mixtures of carbon disulfide with potassium-sodium alloy, potassium, sodium, or lithium are capable of detonation by shock, though not by heating. The explosive power decreases in the order given above, and the first mixture is more shock-sensitive than mercury fulminate [3],... 

Nitro or nitrate explosives, normally shock-insensitive, are rendered extremely sensitive by addition of traces of potassium or potassium-sodium alloy. Ammonium nitrate, and nitrate-sulfate mixtures, picric acid, and even nitrobenzene respond in this way. 

Staudinger, H., Z Angew. Chem., 1922, 35, 657 Her., 1913, 46, 1426 In absence of mechanical disturbance, potassium or potassium-sodium alloy appears to be stable in contact with oxalyl dibromide or oxalyl dichloride, but the mixtures are very shock-sensitive and explode very violently. 

Residues of potassium-sodium alloy in metal containers were covered with oil prior to later disposal. When a lid was removed later, a violent explosion occurred. This was attributed to frictional initiation of the mixture of potassium superoxide (formed on long standing of the alloy) and oil. 

MRH Barium chlorate 5.06/83, calcium chlorate 5.61/77, potassium chlorate 6.07/76, sodium bromate 4.98/80, sodium chlorate 7.32/75, zinc chlorate 6.11/76 Dry finely divided mixtures of red (or white) phosphorus with chlorates, bromates or iodates of barium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc will readily explode on initiation by friction, impact or heat. Fires have been caused by accidental contact in the pocket between the red phosphorus in the friction strip on safety-match boxes and potassium chlorate tablets. Addition of a little water to a mixture of white or red phosphorus and potassium iodate causes a violent or explosive reaction. Addition of a little of a solution of phosphorus in carbon disulfide to potassium chlorate causes an explosion when the solvent evaporates. The extreme danger of mixtures of red phosphorus (or sulfur) with chlorates was recognised in the UK some 50 years ago when unlicenced preparation of such mixtures was prohibited by Orders in Council. 

Intimate mixtures of chlorates, bromates or iodates of barium, cadmium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium or zinc, with finely divided aluminium, arsenic, copper carbon, phosphorus, sulfur hydrides of alkali- and alkaline earth-metals sulfides of antimony, arsenic, copper or tin metal cyanides, thiocyanates or impure manganese dioxide may react violently or explosively, either spontaneously (especially in presence of moisture) or on initiation by heat, friction, impact, sparks or addition of sulfuric acid [1], Mixtures of sodium or potassium chlorate with sulfur or phosphorus are rated as being exceptionally dangerous on frictional initiation. 

The highest yield of perchloryl fluoride (97%) was achieved with a mixture of fluorosulfonic acid and SbFj as fluorinating medium. Potassium, sodium, lithium, magnesium, barium, calcium, and silver perchlorates and perchloric acid itself undergo the reaction. Commercial reagents are used and their additional puriflcation is not necessary unlike all the previous methods the preparation of perchloryl fluoride by this method can be carried out at room temperature. At high temperature (100°-135°C) the reaction time is 1-10 min in all, which allows the process to be carried out continuously in a packed column. The purity of product obtained after the usual puriflcation reaches 98% and over air and carbon dioxide are present as trace impurities 23). 

Several tetrammino-derivatives of gold salts have been prepared. When dilute ehloraurie acid saturated with ammonium nitrate is added to a cold saturated solution of ammonium nitrate and the mixture treated with ammonia gas at ordinary temperature, a precipitate of fetrammino-auric nitrate, [Au(NH3)4](N03)3, is obtained. Tctrammino-aurie nitrate is soluble in water and may be crystallised from warm water. It may be precipitated from solution by the addition of any soluble nitrate, but with potassium, sodium, or ammonium nitrate it forms double salts. Thus, potassium nitrate if added to a concentrated solution of tetrammino-auric nitrate forms the compound [Au (NH 3).,] (NO 3)j.KNO. j, which crystallises from solution in needles. 

The furosemide extraction procedure was later examined for potential application in the analysis of thiazide diuretics in milk. Since this procedure could not provide sufficiently clean extracts for thiazides, additional acidic and basic extraction procedures were evaluated (557). Thus, milk was deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid, phosphoric acid, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate and centrifuged. The supernatants were extracted with ethyl acetate, evaporated to dryness, reconstituted in mobile phase, and analyzed by liquid chromatography. The recoveries in most cases were low and widely variable. Basic extraction, on the other hand, with sodium bicarbonate/potassium carbonate mixture or potassium monohydrogen phosphate followed by extraction with ethyl acetate also gave poor recoveries in most cases. It appears that a significant degradation of chlorothiazide occurred under the basic conditions. 

Dehydrohalogenation of 2//,2//-3-chlorooctafiuoro-l-iodopentane (14) using a sodium hy-droxide/potassium hydroxide mixture gives perfluoropenta-1,2-diene (15).50... 

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