Potassium hydroxide/aluminum oxid

Phyllostachys bambusoide Sieb. et Zucc. P. nigra Munro. var. henonis Mak. Chu Ye (Timber bamboo) (leaf, shoot) Benzoic acid, silica, potassium hydroxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium. Antipyretic, hematuria, sedative, antiemetic, antispasmodic in catarrh. 

An oxidant. Combusdble when exposed to heat and flame. Moderate explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Explosive reacdon with solid or concentrated alkali + heat (e.g., sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide), aluminum chloride + phenol (at 120°C), aniline + glycerol + sulfuric acid, nitric + sulfuric acid + heat. Forms explosive mixmres with aluminum chloride, oxidants (e.g., fluorodinitromethane, uranium perchlorate, tetranitromethane, sodium chlorate, nitric acid, nitric acid + water, peroxodisulfuric acid, dinitrogen tetraoxide), phosphorus pentachloride, potassium, sulfuric acid. Reacts violendy with aniline + glycerin, N2O, AgC104. To fight fire, use water, foam, CO2, dry chemical. Incompadble with potassium hydroxide. When heated to decomposidon it emits toxic flames of NOx. See also NITRO COMPOUNDS OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. 

Aluminum Fluoride Aluminum Hydroxide Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Potassium Sulfate... 

Acetic acid Acetylsalicylic acid Alpha-Tocopherol Aluminum Hydroxide Aluminum Potassium Sulfate Aluminum Oxide Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Sulfate Amoxicillin Amyl Acetate Amyl Nitrite Ascorbic Acid Benzoic Acid Boric Acid Butyl Acetate Butylated Hydroxyanisole and Butylated Hydro-xytoluene Caffeine... 

The catalyst components are mixtures of oxides which have been fused in an electric arc furnace at temperatures of ca 2000 K. The resulting large blocks of black hard material are broken into lumps of usually ca 1 cm diameter. The visual homogeneity of these lumps is, in general, a good indicator for the quality of the final activated catalyst. Poor catalysts exhibit white spots of segregated promoter oxides and bubble holes caused by evaporation of impurities during the fusion process. Primary sources of iron can be iron ores, scrap metal, or iron oxides (oxyhydrates) from other industrial processes. Potassium is added as potassium carbonate, nitrate, or potassium hydroxide, aluminum as alumina and calcium as oxide or carbonate. 

Alkalis and Hypochlorilesi Aluminum should not be used with s um hydroxide (caustic soda) or potassium hydroxide. Aluminum is also attacked by soda ash (sodium carbonate) depending on concentration and temperature, but can be inhibited with silicates in dilute solutions. Hypochlorites, such as sodium hypochlorite, promptly d troys the protective oxide film and cause rapid attack of aluminum. 

Strontium [7440-24-6] Sr, is in Group 2 (IIA) of the Periodic Table, between calcium and barium. These three elements are called alkaline-earth metals because the chemical properties of the oxides fall between the hydroxides of alkaU metals, ie, sodium and potassium, and the oxides of earth metals, ie, magnesium, aluminum, and iron. Strontium was identified in the 1790s (1). The metal was first produced in 1808 in the form of a mercury amalgam. A few grams of the metal was produced in 1860—1861 by electrolysis of strontium chloride [10476-85-4]. 

The poor efficiencies of coal-fired power plants in 1896 (2.6 percent on average compared with over forty percent one hundred years later) prompted W. W. Jacques to invent the high temperature (500°C to 600°C [900°F to 1100°F]) fuel cell, and then build a lOO-cell battery to produce electricity from coal combustion. The battery operated intermittently for six months, but with diminishing performance, the carbon dioxide generated and present in the air reacted with and consumed its molten potassium hydroxide electrolyte. In 1910, E. Bauer substituted molten salts (e.g., carbonates, silicates, and borates) and used molten silver as the oxygen electrode. Numerous molten salt batteiy systems have since evolved to handle peak loads in electric power plants, and for electric vehicle propulsion. Of particular note is the sodium and nickel chloride couple in a molten chloroalumi-nate salt electrolyte for electric vehicle propulsion. One special feature is the use of a semi-permeable aluminum oxide ceramic separator to prevent lithium ions from diffusing to the sodium electrode, but still allow the opposing flow of sodium ions. 

Considerable effort has been carried out by different groups in the preparation of amphiphihc block copolymers based on polyfethylene oxide) PEO and an ahphatic polyester. A common approach relies upon the use of preformed co- hydroxy PEO as macroinitiator precursors [51, 70]. Actually, the anionic ROP of ethylene oxide is readily initiated by alcohol molecules activated by potassium hydroxide in catalytic amounts. The equimolar reaction of the PEO hydroxy end group (s) with triethyl aluminum yields a macroinitiator that, according to the coordination-insertion mechanism previously discussed (see Sect. 2.1), is highly active in the eCL and LA polymerization. This strategy allows one to prepare di- or triblock copolymers depending on the functionality of the PEO macroinitiator (Scheme 13a,b). Diblock copolymers have also been successfully prepared by sequential addition of the cyclic ether (EO) and lactone monomers using tetraphenylporphynato aluminum alkoxides or chloride as the initiator [69]. 

Oxidative coupling of 2-bromo-4,6-di-im-butylphenol (202, Scheme 51) with potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) in a two-phase system consisting of aqueous potassium hydroxide and benzene affords the dibenzofuranone 203 by the mechanism indicated.The dibenzofuranone 203 is a convenient source of 1-dibenzofuranol (205). On boiling with isopropanol, compound 203 provides the tetra-tert-butyl-l-benzofuranol 204, which may be de-butylated by treatment with aluminum chloride in toluene. 1-Dibenzo-furanol (205) is also obtained by direct treatment of the dibenzofuranone 203 with aluminum chloride in toluene. With boiling methanol, however, compound 203 supplies the methoxy analog 206, which on mild debutylation affords 4-methoxy-1-dibenzofuranol (207). ... 

The selection of raw materials and the method of preparation of the catalyst base are important in determining the final quality of the catalyst. Impregnating almost any iron oxide with potassium hydroxide and drying it will yield a catalyst of some activity, but care must be exercised both in selecting the raw materials and in the method of preparation, if a superior catalyst is to be obtained. Generally, the purer the components the better the catalyst, but substantial quantities of impurities such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and carbon can be tolerated. Suitable raw materials are obtainable at low cost, and satisfactory methods of preparation are simple and inexpensive. 

The methods for making allyl alcohol are many. It may be prepared by (a) the action of metals upon dichlorohydrin 1 (b) the reduction of acrolein 2 (c) the action of potassium hydroxide on trimethylene bromide 3 (d) the catalytic decomposition of glycerol with aluminum oxide 4 (e) the hydrolysis of allyl iodide 5 (/) the decomposition of glycerol triformate 6 (g) the action of formic acid upon glycerin 7 and (h) the action of... 

Oxidation of methyl 3,4-isopropylidene-2-desoxy-a-D-galactoside with potassium permanganate in the presence of potassium hydroxide afforded methyl 3,4-isopropylidene-2-desoxy-a-D-galacturonoside (LXXXIV) as its potassium salt. This could readily be converted into methyl 2-desoxy-a-D-galacturonoside (LXXXV) and both LXXXIV and LXXXV afforded crystalline esters and amides.230 The uronic acid derivative could be reduced by lithium aluminum hydride in ethereal solution to give methyl 3,4-isopropylidene-2-desoxy-a-D-galactoside.230 Although 2-des-... 

Alouche et al. studied the selective hydrogenation of rapeseed oil over reduced Ni-Ce oxides and the effects of aluminum incorporation to them. The binary Ce-Ni oxide presented a good selectivity in the partial hydrogenation, as studied in a flow system at temperatures of 190-250°C, but with a large 7JE isomerization. On the other hand, use of ternary Ce-Ni-Al oxides [e.g., Ce/Al = 1, Ni/(Ce + Al) = 5], prepared from the nitrates of cerium, nickel, and aluminum by coprecipitation using potassium hydroxide, allowed a decrease in the extent of the 7JE isomerization.100... 

Diisopropylamine was dried over potassium hydroxide pellets and distilled from barium oxide before use. The submitters purified tetrahydrofuran by distillation from lithium aluminum hydride. For a warning concerning the potential hazards of this procedure, see Org. Synth., Coll. Vol. 5, 1976, 976. The checkers distilled the solvent from the sodium ketyl of benzophenone. 

Typical acid-phosphates used in forming CBPCs are hydrophosphates of ammonia, calcium, sodium, potassium, and aluminum. Reacting their chlorides, nitrates, oxides (or hydroxides) or carbonates with phosphoric acid, hydrophosphates are formed. 

To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dr) chemical. Violent polymerization occurs on contact with ammonia, alkali hydroxides, amines, metallic potassium, acids, covalent halides (e.g., aluminum chloride, iron(III) chloride, tin(IV) chloride, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, rust). Explosive reaction with glycerol at 200°. Rapid compression of the vapor with air causes explosions. Incompatible with bases, alcohols, air, m-nitroaniline, trimethyl amine, copper, iron chlorides, iron oxides, magnesium perchlorate, mercaptans, potassium, tin chlorides, contaminants, alkane thiols, bromoethane. When heated to... 

Ignition on contact with furfuryl alcohol powdered metals (e.g., magnesium iron) wood. Violent reaction with aluminum isopropoxide -f- heavy metal salts charcoal coal dimethylphenylphosphine hydrogen selenide lithium tetrahydroaluminate metals (e.g., potassium, sodium, lithium) metal oxides (e.g., cobalt oxide, iron oxide, lead oxide, lead hydroxide, manganese oxide, mercur oxide, nickel oxide) metal salts (e.g., calcium permanganate) methanol + phosphoric acid 4-methyl-2,4,6-triazatricyclo [5.2.2.0 ] undeca-8-ene-3,5-dione + potassium hydroxide a-phenylselenoketones phosphorus phosphorus (V) oxide tin(II) chloride unsaturated organic compounds. 

Potassium hydroxide is a strong base and is incompatible with any compound that readily undergoes hydrolysis or oxidation. It should not be stored in glass or aluminum containers and will react with acids, esters, and ethers, especially in aqueous solution. 

---