Trimethyl amine

When ammonium chloride is heated to a higher temperature (160°) with a large excess of anhydrous formaldehyde (as paraformaldehyde), trimethyl-amine hydrochloride (trimethylammonium chloride) may be obtained ... 

Hexanitrostilbene may be prepared by a dding a solution of TNT ia tetrahydrofuran and methanol at 5°C to aqueous sodium hypochlorite. To this mixture a 20% solution of trimethyl amine hydrochloride is added at 5—15°C. Hexanitrostilbene precipitates, and is filtered and washed with methanol and... 

Air-Stable boron-containing polymers can be prepared by the reaction of dicyano compounds with the / fZ-butylborane—trimethyl amine complex (449). 

Strong Base Anion Exchangers. As ia the synthesis of weak base anion exchangers, strong base resias are manufactured from styrenic as well as acryhc copolymers. Those based on copolymers of styrene and divinylben2ene are chloromethylated and then aminated. These reactions are the same as for the styrenic weakbase resias. The esseatial differeace is the amine used for amination. Trimethyl amine [75-50-3] N(CH2)3, and /V, /V- dim ethyl eth a n ol amine [108-01 -0] (CH2)2NCH2CH20H, are most commonly used. Both form quaternary ammonium functional groups similar to (8). 

The N—O bond distances, found to be 0.133 to 0.139 nm for trimethyl amine oxide (1), are somewhat shorter than the single N—C bond distance of 0.147 nm ia methylamine. The N—C bond distance of 0.154 nm ia trimethyl amine oxide approaches that of the C—C bond. This is ia agreement with the respective absorptions ia the iafrared region valence vibrations of N—O bonds of aUphatic amine oxides are found between 970 920 cm (2). 

All lation. Alkylating agents such as diaLkyl sulfates and alkyl hahdes react with ahphatic amine oxides to form trialkylalkoxyammonium quaternaries. For example (33), methyl iodide reacts with trimethyl amine oxide to form trimethylmethoxyammonium iodide... 

The addition product, C QHgNa, called naphthalenesodium or sodium naphthalene complex, may be regarded as a resonance hybrid. The ether is more than just a solvent that promotes the reaction. StabiUty of the complex depends on the presence of the ether, and sodium can be Hberated by evaporating the ether or by dilution using an indifferent solvent, such as ethyl ether. A number of ether-type solvents are effective in complex preparation, such as methyl ethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dioxane, and THF. Trimethyl amine also promotes complex formation. This reaction proceeds with all alkah metals. Other aromatic compounds, eg, diphenyl, anthracene, and phenanthrene, also form sodium complexes (16,20). 

Sulfur trioxide reactivity can also be moderated through the use of SO adducts. The reactivity of such complexes is inversely proportional to their stabihty, and consequentiy they can be selected for a wide variety of conditions. Whereas moderating SO reactivity by adducting agents is generally beneficial, the agents add cost and may contribute to odor and possible toxicity problems in derived products. CeUulosic material has been sulfated with SO.—trimethyl amine adduct in aqueous media at 0 to 5°C (16). Sulfur trioxide—triethyl phosphate has been used to sulfonate alkenes to the corresponding alkene sulfonate (17). Sulfur trioxide—pyridine adduct sulfates oleyl alcohol with no attack of the double bond (18). 

Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates (240—244) of any form are easily sulfated in the presence of solvent, using sulfating reagents such as SO —pyridine, SO —triethjlamine, SO.—trimethyl amine, or chlorosulfonic acid—pyridine. As an example, starch (qv) is sulfated using SO.—trimethyl amine at 0 to 5°C in aqueous media (16). Sulfated carbohydrate products find some use in industry as thickening agents. 

Because phenoHc compounds are easily sulfonated, their sulfation must be accompHshed with mil der sulfating agents, eg, complexes of sulfur thoxide or chlorosulfonic acid with trimethyl amine, dimethylform amide, pyhdine, or dim ethyl a n i1 in e, in anhydrous or aqueous medium below 100°C (86-89). 

Basic Red 18 (131), Basacryl Red X-NL [14097-03-17 is an example of a pendant cationic azo dye, ia which a localized positive charge is not conjugated with the chromophoric system. /V-Kthy1-/V-(2-ch1oroethy1)ani1ine [92-49-9] reacts with trimethyl amine to form the ammonium salt coupler. The diazo component ia Basic Red 18 is 2-ch1oro-4-nitroani1ine [121 -87-9]. 

Trimethyl amine carboxyborane can be synthesized from the cyanoborane precursor [30353-61-8] according to equations 5 and 6 (12). 

Compounds of the type LBH2X can be prepared by the reaction of the appropriate amine borane and hydrogen haHdes or halogens. The synthesis of the trimethyl amine iodoborane [25741-81-5] adduct (eq. 8) yields a precursor for the preparation of the trimethyl amine isocyanoborane [60045-36-5] adduct as shown in equation 9 (15). 

Methyl chloride reacts with ammonia alcohoHc solution or ia the vapor phase by the Hofmann reaction to form a mixture of the hydrochlorides of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethyl amine, and tetramethyl ammonium chloride. With tertiary amines, methyl chloride forms quaternary derivatives. 

Choline base [123-41 -17, [(CH2)3NCH2CH20H] 0H, triniethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)-ammonium hydroxide, derives its name from bile (Greek chole from which it was first obtained. This so-called free-ch oline is a colorless, hygroscopic Hquid with an odor of trimethyl amine. The quaternary ammonium compound (1) choline [62-49-7] or a precursor is needed in the diet as a constituent of certain phosphoHpids universally present in protoplasm. 

An earlier procedure for the production of choline and its salts from natural sources, such as the hydrolysis of lecithin (23), has no present-day apphcation. Choline is made from the reaction of trimethyl amine with ethylene oxide [75-21-8] or ethylene chlorohydrin [107-07-5J. 

The chlorohydrin process (24) has been used for the preparation of acetyl-P-alkylcholine chloride (25). The preparation of salts may be carried out mote economically by the neutralization of choline produced by the chlorohydrin synthesis. A modification produces choline carbonate as an intermediate that is converted to the desired salt (26). The most practical production procedure is that in which 300 parts of a 20% solution of trimethyl amine is neutralized with 100 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and the solution is treated for 3 h with 50 parts of ethylene oxide under pressure at 60°C (27). 

Choline Chloride. This compound [67-48-17 is a crystalline dehquescent salt, usually with a slight odor of trimethyl amine (6). It is very soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in acetone and chloroform, and practically insoluble in ether, benzene, and ligroin. Its aqueous solutions ate neutral to litmus and are stable (4). The specific gravity of these solutions is a straight-line function between pure water and the value of 1.10 for the 80% solution, which represents the approximate limit of solubiUty. Choline chloride absorbs moisture from the atmosphere at relative humidities greater than 20% at 25.5°C. 

Tricholine Citrate Concentrate. This compound [546-63-4] is a clear, faindy yellow to light-green sympy aqueous Hquid containing 65.0 2.0% trich oline citrate. It is usually has a slight amine odor. It should have a pH of 9.0—10.0 and should contain not more than 0.2% trimethyl amine, 0.5% ethylene glycol, 10 ppm of formaldehyde, and 0.1% residue on ignition. Its limit for heavy metals is 20 ppm and it should contain mote than 0.2% chlorides or sulfates. 

Acetylcholine [51 -84-3] occurs as the bromide [66-23-9] (Pragmoline) and the chloride [60-31-1] (Acecoline). The chloride is a hygroscopic, crystalline powder. It is very soluble in cold water and alcohol but is practically insoluble in diethyl ether. It is decomposed by hot water and alkahes. Acetylcholine bromide can be prepared by direct reaction of trimethyl amine and P-bromoethyl acetate in benzene (42). 

Water-emulsifiable vehicles contain emulsifiers that may act as plasticizers after film formation, affecting the hardness. Water-soluble vehicles usually contain a neutralizing amine, the primary purpose of which is to solubihze the resin. These amines can influence the drying properties as they tend to complex the metal drier, thus affecting the catalytic activity. Acceptable results are usually obtained with trialkylamines such as dim ethyl eth a n o1 amine, trimethyl amine, and aminomethylpropan o1 (7). 

The choline ester is prepared by treating the 2-bromoethyl ester with trimethyl-amine. The ester is cleaved with butyrylcholine esterase (pH 6, 0.05 M phosphate buffer, rt, 50-95% yield). As with the morpholinoethyl ester, the choline ester imparts greater solubility to the C-terminal end of very hydrophobic peptides, thus improving the ability to cleave enzymatically the C-terminal ester. ... 

Calculate activation energies for Sn2 reactions of ammonia and trimethylamine with methyl iodide via transition states ammonia+methyl iodide and trimethyl-amine+methyl iodide, respectively. Is attack by ammonia or trimethylamine more facile Rationalize your observation by comparing electrostatic potential maps for the two transition states. Which transition state requires more charge separation Is this also the higher-energy transition state ... 

In this solvent the reaction is catalyzed by small amounts of trimethyl-amine and especially pyridine (cf. 9). The same effect occurs in the reaction of iV -methylaniline with 2-iV -methylanilino-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine. In benzene solution, the amine hydrochloride is so insoluble that the reaction could be followed by recovery. of the salt. However, this precluded study mider Bitter and Zollinger s conditions of catalysis by strong mineral acids in the sense of Banks (acid-base pre-equilibrium in solution). Instead, a new catalytic effect was revealed when the influence of organic acids was tested. This was assumed to depend on the bifunctional character of these catalysts, which act as both a proton donor and an acceptor in the transition state. In striking agreement with this conclusion, a-pyridone is very reactive and o-nitrophenol is not. Furthermore, since neither y-pyridone nor -nitrophenol are active, the structure of the catalyst must meet the conformational requirements for a cyclic transition state. Probably a concerted process involving structure 10 in the rate-determining step... 

Caution This preparation should be conducted in a hood to avoid exposure to trimethyl-amine and to ct-bromo-p-xylene. 

Trimethyl amine Ethylane oxide Citric acid... 

Tricarballyuc Acid, 4, 77 Tr [methylacetic acid, 8,104,108 TrIMETIIYLAMINE, 1, 75 Trimethyl amine Hydrochloride, 1, IS, 79... 

Triazene lassen sich durch Lithiumalanat nicht reduzieren3. Tetramethyl-tetrazen liefert mit Trimethyl-amin-alurninium-hydrid Dimethylamino-aluminium-hydrid und Trimethylamin, ... 

A methanogenic bacterium was isolated from oil reservoir brines by enrichment with trimethylamine. Methane production occurred only with trimethyl-amine compounds or methanol as substrates. Sodium ions, magnesium ions, and potassium ions were all required for growth. This organism appears to be a member of the genus Methanohalophilus based on substrate utilization and general growth characteristics [695]. 

METHYL ETHYL SULPHIDE N-PROPYL AMINE ISOPROPYL AMINE TRIMETHYL AMINE MALEIC ANHYDRIDE VINYL ACETYLENE... 

---