POLYVINYL STYRENE

Properties Water-wh. liq., decyl alcohol odor dens. 0.892 (25/15.5 C) m.p. < 0 C flash pt. 235 C ref. index 1.4565 Precaution Combustible Uses Chemical intermediate antioxidant, heat and It. stabilizer for polyvinyl, styrenic, and polyolefin resins Manuf./Distrib. GE Spec. http //www.ge.com/specialtychemicals, Rhodia/Phosphorus Perf. Derivs. http //www. rhodia-ppd. com Trade Name Synonyms Mark TDP [Crompton/Witco Vinyl Addit.]... 

ASTM D 5250 Standard specification for polyvinyl Styrene-butadiene/Elastyren MG... 

Details are given of the use of polyvinyl styrene microspheres as a carrier for local growth factors and other drugs in order to enhance bone regeneration. The fate of the microspheres after implantation was followed. Stained calcified and decalcified sections were studied qualitatively and histomorphometrically. 6 refs. 

LDPE = low density polyethylene LLDPE = linear low density polyethylene HDPE = high density polyethylene PP = polypropylene PVC = polyvinyl chloride PS = polystyrene ABS = polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. 

Bead Polymerization Bulk reaction proceeds in independent droplets of 10 to 1,000 [Lm diameter suspended in water or other medium and insulated from each other by some colloid. A typical suspending agent is polyvinyl alcohol dissolved in water. The polymerization can be done to high conversion. Temperature control is easy because of the moderating thermal effect of the water and its low viscosity. The suspensions sometimes are unstable and agitation may be critical. Only batch reaciors appear to be in industrial use polyvinyl acetate in methanol, copolymers of acrylates and methacrylates, polyacrylonitrile in aqueous ZnCh solution, and others. Bead polymerization of styrene takes 8 to 12 h. 

The important thermoplastics used commercially are polyethylene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), vinylidene chloride (Saran), fluorocarbons (Teflon, Halar, Kel-F, Kynar), polycarbonates, polypropylene, nylons, and acetals (Delrin). Important thermosetting plasttcs are... 

When many moleeules eombine the maeromoleeule is termed a polymer. Polymerization ean be initiated by ionie or free-radieal meehanisms to produee moleeules of very high moleeular weight. Examples are the formation of PVC (polyvinyl ehloride) from vinyl ehloride (the monomer), polyethylene from ethylene, or SBR synthetie rubber from styrene and butadiene. 

Group of plastics composed of resins derived from vinyl monomers, excluding those that are covered by other classifications (i.e., acrylics and styrene plastics). Examples include PVC, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral, and various... 

A use is for internally illuminated signs in which any color can be introduced. Its dii sional stability recommends it for many optical uses. Acrylics are modified by copoly-mf ition to improve impact strength at the loss their extreme transparency.. An example is aci -modified polyvinyl chloride sheet, which is tougher than aciylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and polycarbonate and is suitable for corrosion-resistant pans, aircraft parts and materia idling equipment. 

Styrene—divinylbenzene copolymer Polyhydroxymethaerylate Polyvinyl alcohol Polyhydroxylated silica... 

Emulsion polymerization is widely used to produce polymers in the form of emulsions, such as paints and floor polishes. It also used to polymerize many water insoluble vinyl monomers, such as styrene and vinyl chloride. In emulsion polymerization, an agent emulsifies the monomers. Emulsifying agents should have a finite solubility. They are either ionic, as in the case of alkylbenzene sulfonates, or nonionic, like polyvinyl alcohol. 

Currently, important TPE s include blends of semicrystalline thermoplastic polyolefins such as propylene copolymers, with ethylene-propylene terepolymer elastomer. Block copolymers of styrene with other monomers such as butadiene, isoprene, and ethylene or ethylene/propy-lene are the most widely used TPE s. Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) accounted for 70% of global styrene block copolymers (SBC). Currently, global capacity of SBC is approximately 1.1 million tons. Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers are relatively more expensive then other TPE s. However, they are noted for their flexibility, strength, toughness, and abrasion and chemical resistance. Blends of polyvinyl chloride with elastomers such as butyl are widely used in Japan. ... 

A bond coat of a polymer latex (also called polymer emulsions or dispersions) such as styrene butadiene (SBR), polyvinyl acetate (PVA) acrylics or modified acrylics. These are applied to the prepared concrete as... 

SAN (styrene acrylonitrile) Polyvinyl chloride Plasticized Unplasticized Polyvinylidene chloride Styrene copolymer (SMA) Crystal Impact... 

This comprehensive article supplies details of a new catalytic process for the degradation of municipal waste plastics in a glass reactor. The degradation of plastics was carried out at atmospheric pressure and 410 degrees C in batch and continuous feed operation. The waste plastics and simulated mixed plastics are composed of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyethylene terephthalate. In the study, the degradation rate and yield of fuel oil recovery promoted by the use of silica alumina catalysts are compared with the non-catalytic thermal degradation. 9 refs. lAPAN... 

Figure 3, HDC universal calibration curve (eluant ionic strength L29rriM. AM A monodisperse lattices (O) polystyrene polyvinyl chloride ( ) poly (styrene-...

A large variety of polymers has been considered. In the beginning, polystyrene and styrene/ divinylbenzene copolymers (Merrifield resins) were by far the most used.73 Then others were tested such as polyvinyls,47-50,61-64 polyacrylates,72 4,75 and cellulose.76,77 Most commonly, diphenylphos-phane groups were grafted on the polymeric support, either directly or via one CH2 group. 

In order to determine the sources of contamination, some water samples, including wastewaters and effluents from different industries were also sampled. Along the Cinca River and in the industrial area of Monzon, industrial effluents from two different industries were selected the first one produced EPS (Expandable polystyrene) treated with flame retardants and ABS (Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene), and the second one produced PVC (Polyvinyl chloride). As regards the Vero River, three industries were sampled the first one, a textile industry which produced polyester fibers treated with flame retardants, the second one produced epoxy... 

This is just the first example of how the ADMET reaction can be used to model branching behavior and precisely control the structure in olefin-based polymer backbones. Other polymers under study include polyalcohols, polyvinyl acetates, and ethylene-styrene copolymers. The ultimate goal of this research is to be able to define, or even predict, crystallization limits and behavior for many polymers, some of which have not yet been prepared in a crystallized form. 

Many vinyl monomers were reported to have been grafted onto fluoropolymers, such as (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylates, acrylamide, acrylonitryl, styrene, 4-vinyl pyridine, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, and vinyl acetate. Many fluoropolymers have been used as supports, such as PTFE, copolymers of TFE with HFP, PFAVE, VDF and ethylene, PCTFE, PVDF, polyvinyl fluoride, copolymers ofVDF with HFP, vinyl fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). The source of irradiation has been primarily y-rays and electron beams. The grafting can be carried out under either direct irradiation or through the use of preliminary irradiated fluoropolymers. Ordinary radical inhibitors can be added to the reaction mixture to avoid homopolymerization of functional monomers. 

Abbreviations HCL Hydrochloric Acid ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene PVC Polyvinyl Chloride VAM Vinyl Acetate Monomer... 

Polyvinyl benzene or styrene is the simplest Aromatic hydrocarbon which can be polymerised. Styrene was obtained by steam distillation of resin from the tree Styrax officinalis. In 1920s Staudinger gave the name styrene. Patent for polymerisation of styrene was taken out in 1911 by Matthews. 

In the cavernous halls of the Shanghai Industrial Exhibition, one can see a cornucopia of consumer goods (clothes of polyester, polyacrylic, and polyvinyl alcohol fiber shoes and sandals of polyvinyl chloride suitcases and television set frames of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic toys and containers of polyethylene, and many other plastic products (China produced approximately 800,000 tons of plastics in 1980) of convenience we take for granted in the West) that the Chinese government will try to deliver, in quantity, to its citizens in the years to come. 

ISO 580 1990 Injection-moulded unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) fittings -Oven test - Test method and basic specifications ISO 727-1 2002 Fittings made from unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) or acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) with plain sockets for pipes under pressure - Part 1 Metric series ISO 727-2 2002 Fittings made from unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), chlorinated poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) or acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) with plain sockets for pipes under pressure - Part 2 Inch-based series ISO 1163-1 1995 Plastics - Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) moulding and extrusion materials - Part 1 Designation system and basis for specifications ISO 1163-2 1995 Plastics - Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) moulding and extrusion materials - Part 2 Preparation of test specimens and determination of properties ISO 1265 1979 Plastics - Polyvinyl chloride resins - Determination of number of impurities and foreign particles... 

Uses Secondary plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride co-polymers of styrene-butadiene and chlorinated rubber to improve chemical resistance to attack. In fluorescent and high-intensity discharge ballasts manufactured prior to 1979 (U.S. EPA, 1998). 

Abbreviations for plastics ABS, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene CPVC, chlorinated poly vinyl chloride ECTFE, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene ETFE, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene PB, polybutylene PE, polyethylene PEEK, poly ether ether ketone PFA, perfluoroalkoxy copolymer POP, poly phenylene oxide PP, polypropylene PVC, polyvinyl chloride PVDC, poly vinylidene chloride PVDF, poly vinylidene fluoride. 

Other common binders include nitrocellulose (acetone as the solvent), polyvinyl alcohol (used with water), and Laminae (an unsaturated polyester crosslinked with styrene — the material is a liquid until cured by catalyst, heat, or both, and no solvent is required). Epoxy binders can also be used in hquid form during the mixing process and then allowed to cure to leave a final, rigid product. 

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