Polypropylene industrial applications

In an industrial application dissolution/reprecipitation technology is used to separate and recover nylon from carpet waste [636]. Carpets are generally composed of three primary polymer components, namely polypropylene (backing), SBR latex (binding) and nylon (face fibres), and calcium carbonate filler. The process involves selective dissolution of nylon (typically constituting more than 50wt% of carpet polymer mass) with an 88 wt % liquid formic acid solution and recovery of nylon powder with scCC>2 antisolvent precipitation at high pressure. Papaspyrides and Kartalis [637] used dimethylsulfoxide as a solvent for PA6 and formic acid for PA6.6, and methylethylketone as the nonsolvent for both polymers. 

Subcategory A encompasses the manufacture of all batteries in which cadmium is the reactive anode material. Cadmium anode batteries currently manufactured are based on nickel-cadmium, silver-cadmium, and mercury-cadmium couples (Table 32.1). The manufacture of cadmium anode batteries uses various raw materials, which comprises cadmium or cadmium salts (mainly nitrates and oxides) to produce cell cathodes nickel powder and either nickel or nickel-plated steel screen to make the electrode support structures nylon and polypropylene, for use in manufacturing the cell separators and either sodium or potassium hydroxide, for use as process chemicals and as the cell electrolyte. Cobalt salts may be added to some electrodes. Batteries of this subcategory are predominantly rechargeable and find application in calculators, cell phones, laptops, and other portable electronic devices, in addition to a variety of industrial applications.1-4 A typical example is the nickel-cadmium battery described below. 

ISO 15494 2003 Plastics piping systems for industrial applications - Polybutene (PB), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) - Specifications for components and the system -Metric series... 

El-Husseini MH, Venet P, Rojat G, Joubert C. Thermal simulation for geometric optimization of metallized polypropylene film capacitors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2003 38(3) 713—718. 

In the equation, a key figure is the loss factor—the product of the dielectric constant and the power factor, and an inherent property of the material to be heated. Some materials (such as asbestos, polyethylene, and polypropylene) have low loss factors and in practice for industrial applications, regardless of... 

General Method. All solvents used were of analytical reagent grade. Toluene and THF were refluxed under N2, and over sodium and benzophenone. Pyridine was distilled and stored over KOH pellets. Water was doubly distilled before use. All the silanes were vacuum-distilled and all reactions were performed under N2 atmosphere. Reactions on polypropylene films were normally carried out with pieces of 5 x 5 cm or for industrial applications with foils of 35 x 24 cm. 

All of these materials-brick, mortars and membranes-will be fully discussed in later chapters along with (1) Castables, grouts, and polymer concretes (2) Monolithics (troweled, sprayed and gunned linings) and (3) Expansion joint compounds, plus rigid plastic fabrications such as polyethylene, polypropylene and PVC. These components made from a whole host of materials are effectively used in a wide variety of industrial applications requiring superior chemical and thermal resistance. 

Today Industry makes available a host of excellent chemical resistant plastics for a multitude of applications. This paper will discuss fabricated polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene for specific industrial applications. 

Polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are ideal candidates for the fabrication of a wide variety of films, containers, trays, etc., for various packaging and industrial applications. While these hydrocarbon polymers... 

Sdnchez, C.G., Espdsito Alvarez, L.A. Micromechanics of lignin/polypropylene composites suitable for industrial application. Angew. Makromol. Chem. 272 (nr. 4758), 65-70, (1999)... 

Industrial applications of metallocene catalysts are a recent development AU of them possess in their reaction center two aromatic rings, between which a complex bond holds a metal atom, in most cases zirconium. This type of catalysis produces polymers with exceptionally uniform structures. The chain lengths of the individual molecules closely approximate one another. The spatial structure is therefore well-defined. Polypropylene, for instance, is completely isotactic. It is even possible to produce polypropylene in which the pendant group orientation alternates between right and left. The resulting substance is known as a syndiotactic polypropylene (see above) [3]. 

Ono, R. Nakazawa, M Oda T. (2004). Charge storage in Corona-Charged Polypropylene Films Analysed by LIPP and TSC Methods. IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, Vol.40, No6, pp. 1482-1487... 

Nanoclay/polypropylene composites are being used as functional parts in automobiles and only a single company. General Motors, is using about 660,000 lbs of nanocomposite material per year [2], This is a clear indication of the technological impact of the use of nanocomposites in industrial applications. 

Industrial application of fiber pulling inside the crystallizing polypropylene matrix can be a method for manufacturing products characterized by a higher impact resistance and elasticity however, the advantages of the products are the result of the presence of hexagonal form [9]. 

Mukhopadhyay S, Srikanta R (2008) Effect of ageing of sisal fibres on properties of sisal polypropylene composites. Polym Degrad Stab 93 2048-2051 Munder F, Furll C, Hempel H (2005) Processing of bast fiber plants for industrial application. In Mohanty AK, Misra M, Drzal LT (eds) Natural fibers, biopolymers and biocomposites. Taylor Francis, FL, Boca Raton... 

Cyanoacrylate adhesives will bond a wide variety of substrates with the exception of polyolefins (unless pre-treated). Teflon and highly acidic surfaces. Porous substrates such as wood, paper and leather require the use of products containing accelerators. Formulations are now appearing that when used in conjunction with a so-called primer can give high bond strength on polyethylene and polypropylene. See Industrial applications of adhesives. 

Polypropylene (PP) is semi-crystalline polymer used in many industrial applications, including extruded pipes, films and fibres, and injection-moulded and thermoformed parts, as a result of its physical, thermal and chemical properties (low density, high melting... 

Most chemical reactors operate at a steady state. Theoretical studies predict that the time-averaged conversion or yield following a periodic variation of the feed concentration and/or temperature usually differs from that of a steady state for the same time-averaged feed conditions. Many experimental studies verified these theoretical predictions that a forced periodic operation can affect the time-averaged performance of a reactor. One of the few reported industrial applications is the cycling of a chain-transfer agent in order to affect the polydispersity of polypropylene [8]. 

Other very common carriers found in industrial applications are either polymeric or coated paper. The polymer carriers range from polypropylene to polyester and well beyond. Polypropylene is less expensive and is used in many of the capacitor manufacturing operations. The surface quality of the polypropylene is often not as good as that of the polyester carriers. The most forgiving casting surface from a release standpoint is a silicone-coated polyester. This casting surface works for most combinations of binder/solvent/plasticizer. By works, we mean that the dried tape releases easily and does not interact with the carrier itself. Polyester carriers can be used at ele-... 

Industrial applications of polyolefin fibers include woven and nonwoven geotextiles, agriculatural fabrics, construction sheeting, automobile fabrics, filtration media, rope/twine, woven bags, narrow-woven web and tapes, tents, and tarpaulins. Geosynthetic fabrics will continue to be a growing market for polypropylene nonwovens. 

NR and plastic blends have been reported for the preparation of thermoplastic NR blended systems. Many types of plastics have been blended with NR, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, " polyacrylates or polyacrylic acid, and poly(methyl methacrylate). These thermoplastic NRs provide new materials with different properties that range from a soft elastomer to a semi-rigid NR plastic for various industrial applications.In addition, NR can improve the toughness of brittle thermoplastic materials. The NR and thermoplastic blends express greater ductility and impact strength at low temperatures. The requirements for certain mechanical and physical specifications can be achieved by optimizing the blended compositions and selecting the most suitable thermoplastics. 

Automotive, small appliances, power tools and miscellaneous industrial applications CRITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCT PERFORMANCE For molding, it is critical to adhere to the recommended temperature profiles FINISHED PRODUCT PERFORMANCE Intermediate in performance to polypropylene and nylon WEATHERING They can be light stabilized. 

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