Cathodes cells

Liquid Cathode Cells. Liquid cathode cells were discovered at almost the same time as the successful soHd cathode cells. A strongly oxidising hquid such as SO2, was deterrnined to be suitable for direct contact with the strongly reducing lithium, because an excellent passivating film forms... 

Company Cathode Cell body Cell cover Reactor... 

Metal Anode Diaphragm Cathode Cell feed g/L Electrolyte, g/L Temperat ure, °C CeU voltage, V Cathode current density, A/m Energy requirement, kWh/kg Current efficiency, %... 

Fig. 47. TOF-SIMS image highlighting cation-rich areas, indicating that local cathodic cells occur within the initiation zone. Image shows (A) total counts, (B) m/z = 40, (C) m/z = 52 and (D) m/z = 24. Reproduced by permission of John Wiley and Sons from Ref. [57. ...

H. Y. Castner (US/UK) and C. Kellner (Vienna) independently developed commercial mercury-cathode cell for chlor-alkali production... 

Anode Cathode Cell voltage (V) Main application Manufacturer... 

The development of a rechargeable polymer battery is being pursued worldwide. Its attraction lies in the specific weight of polymers, which is considerably lower than that of ordinary inorganic materials, as well as potential environmental benefits. In principle there are three different types of battery. The active polymer electrode can be used either as cathode (cell types 1, 2), or as anode (cell type 3), or as both cathode and anode (cell type 4) (Fig. 14). As the most common polymer materials are usually only oxidizable, recent research has concentrated on developing cells with a polymer cathode and a metal anode. 

The water concentration in the paint and in the paint film has been determined using a Mitsubishi moisture meter. The anode cell was filled with Karl-Flscher reagent and the cathode cell with a mixture of pyridine, formamlde and Karl-Flscher reagent (70/30/6Z (v/v)). Paint samples were injected directly into the cathode solution. 

Scheme 2 summarizes the electrosynthesis of M-hydrol, using both the anodic and cathodic cell compartments for the production of the same compound. 

Figure 69. Comparison for temperature-dependence of the relative resistances of a charged lithium ion cell, a lithiated graphite/graphite cell, and a delithiated cathode/cathode cell. The dashed curves show the relative resistance of the electrolyte, which was taken as the ratio of the electrolytic conductivity at a specific temperature to the conductivity at 20 °C (a) Rb, (b) R i, (c) Re. (Reproduced with permission from ref 512 (Figure 4). Copyright 2003 Elsevier.)...

Chlorine is produced industrially by electrolysis of brine using either mercury cathode cells or, preferably, various commercially available membrane cells. Chlorine gas is hberated at the anode while sodium hydroxide and hydrogen are liberated at the cathode ... 

Mercury cathode cell for rapid electrolysis) 14) A-J- Lindsey,... 

When the current is well adjusted, a dark-red color appears immediately around the anode, and the solution in the anode cell soon becomes dark red throughout. After about 2 hr., stop the action, remove the cathode cell, and dilute the anode solution with an equal volume of water. Filter on an asbestos mat, if necessary, and add a saturated solution of barium hydroxide or barium chloride as long as a red precipitate forms. Wash the precipitate several times by decantation with hot water, collect it on a filter, and wash it free of alkali. Dry at a temperature not to exceed 100°. The preparation is never very pure, and the yield is small. If at any time the electrodes become passive, reverse the current frequently for a few minutes at a time. 

Solid Cathode Cells. Solid cathode cells include lithium-manganese dioxide cells, lithium carbon inonofluoridc cells, lithium iron disulfide cells, and lithium—iodine cells. 

Liquid Cathode Cells. Liquid cathode cells include lithium-sulfur dioxide cells and lithium-thionyl chloride cells. 

Also is claimed the electrolytic conversion of sodiumchloride in sodiumhydroxide and chlorine (18). In all these instances, the selective membrane is applied in order to increase the current efficiency by either impeding the disappearance of OH- ions from the cathode cell to the anode cell, or that of H+ ions in the reverse direction. 

K. Ca-gas Streamwise Mass Diffusion Time Molec. Diffusion Rate (pD/L) 10 2 mol-m V1 Cathode Cell Mole Capacity (pL) 10° mol-m 2 102s... 

Alvarez-Gallegos A, Pletcher D. The removal of low level organics via hydrogen peroxide formed in a reticulated vitreous cathode cell Part 1. The electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acidic solutions. Electro-chim Acta 1998 44 853-861. 

Low rate solid-electrolyte-based cells For instance, Li/I2 cells used primarily in implantable medical devices are well established. Another example is the developmental all-solid-state Li metal/phosphorous oxynitride (PON)/intercalation cathode cells conceived for use in microelectronic circuits. The PON is a glassy ceramic electrolyte which is stable to over 5 V [25],... 

In summary, when the concentration of the substance at the anode is greater than the concentration at the cathode, the cell emf decreases. When the value of the concentration at the anode is lower than the concentration at the cathode, cell emf increases. 

Ponce-de-Leon, C. and Pletcher, D. (1995) Removal of formaldehyde from aqueous solutions via oxygen reduction using a reticulated vitreous carbon cathode cell. J. Appl. Electrochem. 25,... 

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