Silver cadmium

Silver bromoiodide Silver bronze alloys Silver-cadmium alloys Silver-cadmium cell Silver cell Silver chloride... 

A third group includes silver—nickel, silver—cadmium oxide, and silver—graphite combinations. These materials are characterized by low contact resistance, some resistance to arc erosion, and excellent non sticking characteristics. They can be considered intermediate in overall properties between silver alloys and silver or copper—refractory compositions. Silver—cadmium oxide compositions, the most popular of this class, have wide appHcation in aircraft relays, motor controllers, and line starters and controls. 

Eigure 11 illustrates the superior conductivity of P/M silver—nickel or silver—cadmium oxide contacts when compared with contacts made by standard melting techniques and formed from soHd-solution alloys. 

Aqueous Electrodeposition. The theory of electro deposition is well known (see Electroplating). Of the numerous metals used in electro deposition, only 10 have been reduced to large-scale commercial practice. The most commonly plated metals are chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, rhodium, silver, cadmium, tin, and gold, followed by the less frequendy plated metals iron, cesium, platinum, and palladium, and the infrequendy plated metals indium, mthenium, and rhenium. Of these, only platinum, rhodium, iddium, and rhenium are refractory. 

Before use, electrodes must be carefully cleaned to remove any previous deposits. Deposits of copper, silver, cadmium, mercury, and many other metals can be removed by immersion in dilute nitric acid (1 1), rinsing with water, then boiling with fresh 1 1 nitric acid for 5-10 minutes, followed by a final washing with water. Deposits of lead dioxide are best removed by means of 1 1 nitric acid containing a little hydrogen peroxide to reduce the lead to the Pb(II) condition ethanol or oxalic acid may replace the hydrogen peroxide. 

Silver-cadmium alloy (ccAg8Cd4), calculation of thermodynamic quantities, 136... 

Although one of the most common storage batteries is called the nickel/cadmium system ( NiCad ), correctly written (-)Cd/KOH/NiO(OH)(+), cadmium is not usually applied as a metal to form a battery anode. The same can be said with regard to the silver/cadmium [(-) Cd / KOH / AgO (+)] and the MerCad battery [(-)Cd/KOH/HgO(+)]. The metallic negative in these cases may be formed starting with cadmium hydroxide, incorporated in the pore system of a sintered nickel plate or pressed upon a nickel-plated steel current collector (pocket plates), which is subsequently converted to cadmium metal by electrochemical reduction inside the cell (type AB2C2). This operation is done by the customers when they start the application of these (storage)... 

Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zircomum Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium indium Tin Antimony IJtunum Iodine Xenon... 

The widespread use of many metals such as silver, cadmium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, and zinc has resulted in their accumulation in the environment. Sediments are often the repositories of toxic metals (e.g.. Table 15-2). For example, copper is used as an anti-biofouling agent in marine paints and many harbor sediments contain markedly elevated levels of copper. 

A—Cadmium Cadmium anode Nickel, mercury, and silver Secondary Nickel-cadmium, mercury-cadmium, and silver-cadmium... 

Subcategory A encompasses the manufacture of all batteries in which cadmium is the reactive anode material. Cadmium anode batteries currently manufactured are based on nickel-cadmium, silver-cadmium, and mercury-cadmium couples (Table 32.1). The manufacture of cadmium anode batteries uses various raw materials, which comprises cadmium or cadmium salts (mainly nitrates and oxides) to produce cell cathodes nickel powder and either nickel or nickel-plated steel screen to make the electrode support structures nylon and polypropylene, for use in manufacturing the cell separators and either sodium or potassium hydroxide, for use as process chemicals and as the cell electrolyte. Cobalt salts may be added to some electrodes. Batteries of this subcategory are predominantly rechargeable and find application in calculators, cell phones, laptops, and other portable electronic devices, in addition to a variety of industrial applications.1-4 A typical example is the nickel-cadmium battery described below. 

Cadmium (Cd) anode cells are at present manufactured based on nickel-cadmium, silver-cadmium, and mercury-cadmium couples. Thus wastewater streams from cadmium-based battery industries carry toxic metals cadmium, nickel, silver, and mercury, of which Cd is regarded the most hazardous. It is estimated that globally, manufacturing activities add about 3-10 times more Cd to the atmosphere than from natural resources such as forest fire and volcanic emissions. As a matter of fact, some studies have shown that NiCd batteries contribute almost 80% of cadmium to the environment,4,23 while the atmosphere is contaminated when cadmium is smelted and released as vapor into the atmosphere4 Consequently, terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environments become contaminated with cadmium and remain reservoirs for human cadmium poisoning. 

Table 1.9 shows the percentage loss as a function of time for silver, cadmium, and zinc from artificial seawater stored in polyethylene, borosilicate glass, PTFE at various pH and R values. 

Table 1.9. Sorption behaviour as percentage of silver, cadmium and zinc in artificial seawater [54]... 

Cimadevilla et al. [691] compared wall, platform, and graphite furnace probe atomisation techniques in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of ig/l levels of silver, cadmium, and lead in seawater. 

Martin, J.H. and A.R. Flegal. 1975. High copper concentrations in squid livers in association with elevated levels of silver, cadmium, and zinc. Mar. Biol. 30 51-55. 

Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon... 

The Cu+ catalyzes the formation of radicals from the cumene hydroperoxide, which then begins the polymerization of the TEGMA and TEGMA molecules with only one reactive end (Figure 19.7). Those with two active ends result in the formation of cross-linked materials. A similar reaction occurs with iron and several metals such as zinc, gold, silver, cadmium, magnesium, titanium, and alloys that contain any of these metals. 

Cadmium hydroxide is used in storage battery anodes, in nickel-cadmium and silver-cadmium storage batteries, and in cadmium plating. It also is used to prepare other cadmium salts. 

Martin [64] examined the initiating properties of certain fulminates, and found that silver, cadmium and copper fulminates have stronger initiating properties than mercury fulminate. Table 25 and Fig. 45 show the figures obtained by Wohler and Martin [65], expressed as the smallest amounts of the fulminate of different metals necessary to produce detonation of various high explosives. 

Therefore, the preliminary investigation described herein examined several aspects of the behavior of the equilibrium distribution coefficients for the sorption of rubidium, cesium, strontium, barium, silver, cadmium, cerium, promethium, europium, and gadolinium from aqueous sodium chloride solutions. These solutions initially contained one and only one of the nuclides of interest. For the nuclides selected, values of Kp were then... 

For the nuclides studied (rubidium, cesium, strontium, bariun silver, cadmium, cerium, promethium, europium, and gadolinium) the distribution coefficients generally vary from about 10 ml/gm at solution-phase concentrations on the order of 10 mg-atom/ml to 10 and greater at concentrations on the order of 10 and less. These results are encouraging with regard to the sediment being able to provide a barrier to migration of nuclides away from a waste form and also appear to be reasonably consistent with related data for similar oceanic sediments and related clay minerals found within the continental United States. 

Comparison of Various Silver-Zinc and Silver-Cadmium Battery Systems. Z 5... 

Comparison of Various Silver—Zinc and Silver—Cadmium Battery Systems (from Ref 11)... 

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