Polyphenylene ether-polystyrene

R. S. Clough and M. A. Perez. Melt blending polyphenylene ether, polystyrene and curable epoxy. US Patent 6518 362, assigned to 3M Innovative Properties Company (Saint Paul, MN), February 11, 2003. 

Xylenol 2,6-Xylenol polysiloxane resin improver Benzene phosphinic acid polystyrene derivative mfg, crosslinked Styrene/DVB copolymer polystyrene/polyamide/PC blends Polyphenylene ether polystyrenes Solvent yellow 33... 

Phenolics, epoxies, polycarbonate, ABS Polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorocarbon, polyphenylene sulfide, polyolefin, thermoplastic polyester, polyphenylene ether, polystyrene, polycarbonate (glass or carbon fiber)... 

The main experimental techniques used to study the failure processes at the scale of a chain have involved the use of deuterated polymers, particularly copolymers, at the interface and the measurement of the amounts of the deuterated copolymers at each of the fracture surfaces. The presence and quantity of the deuterated copolymer has typically been measured using forward recoil ion scattering (FRES) or secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The technique was originally used in a study of the effects of placing polystyrene-polymethyl methacrylate (PS-PMMA) block copolymers of total molecular weight of 200,000 Da at an interface between polyphenylene ether (PPE or PPO) and PMMA copolymers [1]. The PS block is miscible in the PPE. The use of copolymers where just the PS block was deuterated and copolymers where just the PMMA block was deuterated showed that, when the interface was fractured, the copolymer molecules all broke close to their junction points The basic idea of this technique is shown in Fig, I. 

Poly(ethylene terephtlhalate) Phenol-formaldehyde Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylic Poly-4-methylpentene-1 Polyoxymethylene polyformaldehyde, acetal Polypropylene Polyphenylene ether Polyphenylene oxide Poly(phenylene sulphide) Poly(phenylene sulphone) Polystyrene Polysulfone Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyurethane Poly(vinyl acetate) Poly(vinyl alcohol) Poly(vinyl butyral) Poly(vinyl chloride) Poly(vinylidene chloride) Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Poly(vinyl formal) Polyvinylcarbazole Styrene Acrylonitrile Styrene butadiene rubber Styrene-butadiene-styrene Urea-formaldehyde Unsaturated polyester... 

Chromic or sulfo-chromic acid etching, for polyolefins, polystyrene, ABS, polyacetal, polyphenylene ether. .. These treatments have two effects ... 

PS (polystyrene), PVC [poly(vinyl chloride)], PC (bisphenol A polycarbonate) PMMA [poly (methyl methacrylate)], PB (polybutadiene), SAN (styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer),NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber), PPE (polyphenylene ether), SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber)... 

Naturtal rubber and polybutadiene Polyamides (e.g., PA 6 and PA 66) Polyphenylene ether (PPE) and polystyrene... 

Boric oxide is reported to be an effective fire retardant in engineering plastics such as polyphenylene ether (PPE)/high impact polystyrene (HIPS), polyetherketone, and polyetherimide.34-35 It is particularly effective when used in conjunction with PTFE or polyvinylidene fluoride. The use of boric oxide in conjunction with red phosphorus was reported to be an effective combination in fiberglass reinforced polyamide 6,6.36... 

PB PBI PBMA PBO PBT(H) PBTP PC PCHMA PCTFE PDAP PDMS PE PEHD PELD PEMD PEC PEEK PEG PEI PEK PEN PEO PES PET PF PI PIB PMA PMMA PMI PMP POB POM PP PPE PPP PPPE PPQ PPS PPSU PS PSU PTFE PTMT PU PUR Poly(n.butylene) Poly(benzimidazole) Poly(n.butyl methacrylate) Poly(benzoxazole) Poly(benzthiazole) Poly(butylene glycol terephthalate) Polycarbonate Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) Poly(chloro-trifluoro ethylene) Poly(diallyl phthalate) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Polyethylene High density polyethylene Low density polyethylene Medium density polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly-ether-ether ketone poly(ethylene glycol) Poly-ether-imide Poly-ether ketone Poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly-ether sulfone Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methacryl imide) Poly(methylpentene) Poly(hydroxy-benzoate) Polyoxymethylene = polyacetal = polyformaldehyde Polypropylene Poly (2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether) = Poly(phenylene oxide) Polyp araphenylene Poly(2,6-diphenyl-l,4-phenylene ether) Poly(phenyl quinoxaline) Polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfide Polyphenylene sulfone Polystyrene Polysulfone Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) Polyurethane Polyurethane rubber... 

Polymer Blends. Blending of polymers with each other accounts for approximately 40 percent of the present plastics market, and the practice is growing continually, because it permits the development of improved properties without the cost of inventing new polymers. When polymers are fairly miscible, as in the polyethylenes, and in polyphenylene ether plus polystyrene, blending can be used to produce intermediate properties and balance of properties. Most polymer blends... 

Polystyrene is one of the most widely used thermoplastic materials ranking behind polyolefins and PVC. Owing to their special property profile, styrene polymers are placed between commodity and speciality polymers. Since its commercial introduction in the 1930s until the present day, polystyrene has been subjected to numerous improvements. The main development directions were aimed at copolymerization of styrene with polar comonomers such as acrylonitrile, (meth)acrylates or maleic anhydride, at impact modification with different rubbers or styrene-butadiene block copolymers and at blending with other polymers such as polyphenylene ether (PPE) or polyolefins. 

Enhanced property demands in the packaging sector and also in the electric/ electronic and automotive sectors require improved product properties. Homogeneously miscible blends with, e.g., polyphenylene ether (PPE) combine the excellent processability of the amorphous polystyrene with the thermal stabilty of its blend partners. 

MABS polymers (methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) together with blends composed of polyphenylene ether and impact-resistant polystyrene (PPE/PS-I) also form part of the styrenic copolymer product range. Figure 2.1 provides an overview of the different classes of products and trade names. A characteristic property is their amorphous nature, i.e. high dimensional stability and largely constant mechanical properties to just below the glass transition temperature, Tg. 

Tphe surface activity of block copolymers containing dimethylsiloxane units as one component has received considerable attention. Silicone-poly ether block copolymers (1,2,3) have found commercial application, especially as surfactants in polyurethane foam manufacture. Silicone-polycarbonate (4, 5), -polystyrene (6, 7), -polyamide (8), -polymethyl methacrylate (9), and -polyphenylene ether (10) block copolymers all have surface-modifying effects, especially as additives in other polymeric systems. The behavior of several dimethylsiloxane-bisphenol A carbonate block copolymers spread at the air—water interface was described in a previous report from this laboratory (11). Noll et al. (12) have described the characteristics of spread films of some polyether—siloxane block co-... 

This review summarizes our work at the University of Bayreuth over the last few years on improving the electret performance of the commodity polymer isotactic polypropylene (Sect. 3) and the commodity polymer blend system polystyrene/polyphenylene ether (Sect. 4) to provide electret materials based on inexpensive and easily processable polymers. To open up polymer materials for electret applications at elevated temperatures we concentrated our research on commercially available high performance thermoplastic polyetherimide resins and synthesized several fluorinaled polyetherimides to identify structure-property relations and to improve further the performance at elevated temperatures (Sect. 5). 

Nonolefinic thermoplastic polymers that in principle may be blended with polyolefins include polyamides (nylons) such as polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene ether (PPF), and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephtha-late (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polycarbonates, polyethers, and polyurethanes vinyl polymers such as polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and ethylene... 

S. Stack, 0. O Donoghue, and C. Birkinshaw. The thermal stability and thermal degradation of blends of syndiotactic polystyrene and polyphenylene ether. Polym. Degrad. Stabil, 79(l) 29-36, 2003. 

Modified Poiyphenyiene Ether Thermoplastic polyphenylene ether alloys with impact polystyrene. Has good impact strength, resistance to heat and fire, but poor resistance to solvents. Processed by injection and structural foam molding and extrusion. Used in auto parts, appliances, and telecommunication devices. Also called MPE, MPO, and Modified Polyphenylene Oxide. 

Polyphenylene ether (PPE) and polystyrene Partially incompatible polymer blends Polyethylene and polyisobutylene Polyethylene and polypropylene (5% PE in PP) Polycarbonate and polybutylene terephthalate... 

Polyphenylene ether Polyphenylene oxide Polyphenylene sulfide Polyphenyl sulfone Polystyrene Polystyrl pyridine Polysulfone... 

Polystyrene is added to polyphenylene ether to improve melt processability and decrease cost. When impact styrene is used, it also increases impact strength. 

PBT Polybutylene terephthalate PC Polycarbonate PCL Poly-caprolactone PE Polyethylene PEI Polyether imide PES Polyether sulfide PET Polyethylene terephthalate PHA Polyhydroxy alkanoate PHB Polyhydroxy butyrate PLA Poly-lactic acid PMMA Polymethyl methacrylate PP Polypropylene PPE Polyphenylene ether PPO Polyphenylene oxide PPS Polyphenylene sulfide PS Polystyrene PSF Polysulfone... 

The commercial PPO resins were developed by General Electric (Noryl) and defined as modified PPO. Their exact chemical nature is unknown. They may be polymer blends, likely with polystyrene or high-impact polystryene. In Europe PPO is recognized by a more generic name, polyphenylene ether (PPE). 

Polystyrene added to polyphenylene oxide (polyphenylene ether) to give a range of materials (mPPO or mPPE) with much improved processing at lower cost. 

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