Polyester resins surface coatings

Maleic anhydride CAS. 108-3I-6. til, maleic acid [CAS 110-16-7]. (2), and I umarie acid [CAS 110-17-81. i3) are multifunctional chemical intermediates that lind applications in nearly every Held id industrial chemistry. Each molecule contains two acid carbonyl groups and a double bond in the u. position. Maleic anhydride and maleic acid are important raw materials used in the manufacture of phthalic-type alkyd and polyester resins, surface coatings, lubricant additives, plasticizers. copolymers, and agricultural chemicals [see Alkyd Resins Polymers, and Lubricant). Both chemicals derive their common names from naturally occurring malic acid. 

Crystic Fireguard. [Scott Bader] Thermoset polyester resin surface coating resin giving fire protection to GRP laminates, timber, porous substrates. 

Uses Monomer for polyester resins (surface coatings) intermediate silane intemrediate crosslinker, polymer modifier for high impact plastics, adhesives, acrylic elastomers, optical polymers Manuf/Distrib. Aldrich Atofina CPS Ciba Spec. ChemsTWater Treatment Eastech Fluka Mitsubishi Gas Monomer-Polymer Dajac Labs Nippon Nyukazai Polysciences Rhodia HPCII Richman Rohm Tech Rohm Am. San Esters Trade Names SR 201... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes NFPA Health 1, Flammability 2, Reactivity 0 Uses Synthetic flavoring agent, fragrance in foods, candy, puddings, pharmaceuticals emollient in cosmetics comonomer for unsat. polyester resins (surface coatings)... 

Linear polyesters Polyesters may be obtained in a wide variety of forms including rubbers, fibres, films, laminating resins, surface coatings and thermoplastic moulding powders. The last named are somewhat similar to the nylons but are more rigid. Chemical applications, would appear to be limited because of their sensitivity to alkaline solutions and hot water. 

Dodecyloxy-2-hydroxbenzophenone n. An ultraviolet inhibitor for polyethylene and polypropylene, also suggested as suitable for PVC, polystyrene, polyesters, and surface coatings such as those based on cellulosic and acrylic resins. 

Alkyd resins are often used in molding electrical or electronic articles. Components include switches, housings, connector mountings, and other insulated parts. Straight and modified alkyd resins are used in the manufacture of enamels and other finishes. They are also used in printing inks and as adhesives to bond glass fabric and other materials for polyester laminates. Surface coating is a major application for alkyd resins. 

Almost all of the OX that is recovered is used to produce phthaUc anhydride. PhthaUc anhydride is a basic building block for plasticizers used in flexible PVC resins, for polyester resins used in glass-reinforced plastics, and for alkyd resins used for surface coatings. OX is also used to manufacture phthalonitrile, which is converted to copper phthalocyanine, a pigment. 

Acrylics. Acetone is converted via the intermediate acetone cyanohydrin to the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) [80-62-6]. The MMA is polymerized to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to make the familiar clear acryUc sheet. PMMA is also used in mol ding and extmsion powders. Hydrolysis of acetone cyanohydrin gives methacrylic acid (MAA), a monomer which goes direcdy into acryUc latexes, carboxylated styrene—butadiene polymers, or ethylene—MAA ionomers. As part of the methacrylic stmcture, acetone is found in the following major end use products acryUc sheet mol ding resins, impact modifiers and processing aids, acryUc film, ABS and polyester resin modifiers, surface coatings, acryUc lacquers, emulsion polymers, petroleum chemicals, and various copolymers (see METHACRYLIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES METHACRYLIC POLYMERS). 

Trimethyl-l,3-pentanediol (7) is a white, crystalline soHd. It is used in surface coating and unsaturated polyester resins. It also appears promising as an intermediate for synthetic lubricants and polyurethane elastomers and foams. 

Cured amino resins are far too brittle to be used alone as surface coatings for metal or wood substrates, but in combination with other film formers (alkyds, polyesters, acryUcs, epoxies) a wide range of acceptable performance properties can be achieved. These combination binder coating formulations cure rapidly at slightly elevated temperatures, making them well suited for industrial baking appHcations. The amino resin content in the formulation is typically in the range of 10—50% of the total binder soHds. 

Carpet. Carpet, an important textile, may also be treated to provide water and oU repeUency however, the principal functions of the current carpet treatments are to provide soU and stain resistance. High quaUty carpets, especiaUy those made from nylon, polyester, or wool, have a significant proportion of the surface coated with fluorochemical materials. The treatments can be spray-appUed to a finished carpet or appUed directly to the fiber during the spinning or dyeing operations. Suitable fluorinated resin materials are readily avaUable from 3M or DuPont. 

Trimethylolpropane (TMP), the reduced crossed aldol condensation product of //-butyraldehyde and formaldehyde, competes in many of the same markets as glycerol (qv) and pentaerythritol. The largest market for TMP is as a precursor in unsaturated polyester resins, short-oil alkyds, and urethanes for surface coatings (see Alkyd resins). 

Unsaturated polyester resin powders can provide a colored and finished exterior molded surface or a finish ready for painting. Normally, a primer/sealer must be appHed to molded articles prior to painting. In addition to the unsaturated polyester resin, multifimctional unsaturated monomers such as triaHyl cyanurate (TAC) [101-37-1] or diaHyl phthalate (DAP) [131-17-9] suitable peroxide initiators (qv) or mixtures thereof, and mold release agents (qv) are used to formulate the coating powder (46). 

Reaction of polyhydroxy compounds with polybasic acids gives rise to condensation polymers containing ester (—COO—) groups. Because of the presence of these groups such polycondensates are known as polyesters and find use in such diverse applications as fibres, surface coatings, plasticisers, rubbers and laminating resins. These materials are discussed in detail in Chapter 25. 

Polyesters are eneountered in many forms. They are important as laminating resins, moulding compositions, fibres, films, surface coating resins, rubbers and plasticisers. The common factor in these widely different materials is that they all contain a number of ester linkages in the main chain. (There are also a number of polymers such as poly(vinyl acetate) which contain a number of ester groups in side chains but these are not generally considered within the term polyester resins.)... 

World production of unsaturated polyester resins in 1997 was of the order of 1.7 X 10 tonnes, with the USA accounting for about 45% and Western Europe 27%. Over 75% is used in reinforced plastics, with the rest being used for such diverse applications as car repair putties, cultured marble , wood substitution and surface coatings. The pattern of consumption in 1993 of reinforced polyesters in the USA was reported as ... 

About half of epoxide resin production is used for surface coating applications, with the rest divided approximately equally between electronic applications (particularly for printed circuit boards and encapsulation), the building sector and miscellaneous uses. In tonnage terms consumption of epoxide-fibre laminates is only about one-tenth that of polyester laminates, but in terms of value it is much greater. 

Gel coat Specially formulated polyester resin that is pigmented and contains fillers. Provides a smooth, pore-free surface for the plastic article. 

After a de-nib, spray surfacer is applied to build up the film thickness before top-coating. The surfacer contains a high level of pigment and extender (at least 35% by volume) and frequently a saturated polyester resin with a melamine —or urea —formaldehyde crosslinker. The coating is applied at thicknesses up to 35 ftm and stoved for 20 min at 150-165°C. 

IPNs are found in many applications though this is not always recognised. For example conventional crosslinked polyester resins, where the polyester is unsaturated and crosslinks are formed by copolymerisation with styrene, is a material which falls within the definition of an interpenetrating polymer network. Experimental polymers for use as surface coatings have also been prepared from IPNs, such as epoxy-urethane-acrylic networks, and have been found to have promising properties. 

Superior Environmental Products, Inc. introduced a product based on liquid poly sulfide containing 40% of a surface-modified scrap tire mbber. The product, ER-IOOR, is a coating that can temporarily contain chemical, oil, and gasoline spills. Rodriguez [97] reported that an unsaturated polyester resin containing silane-treated CGR showed better mechanical properties than that containing untreated CGR. 

Unsaturated polyester resins based on maleic anhydride are widely used in coatings to manufacture boat hulls and truck caps and a variety of other uses where a smooth, weatherproof, hard-surfaced material is desired. Because these resin types are inherently brittle, hberglass is frequently added for reinforcement. Consumphon of unsaturated polyesters in the U.S. is well over a billion pounds per year, with about 50% going into construction and the marine industry. 

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