Polyester acrylate durability

Nitrocellulose, polyester, acrylic and methacrylic ester copolymer, formaldehyde resin, rosin, cellulose acetate butyrate are the most frequently used polymers in nail polish formulations. Solvents were selected to suit the polymer used. These include acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl glycol acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, xylene, isopropyl alcohol, methyl chloroform, and naphtha. Solvents constitute a substantial Ifaction of the composition usually around 70%. Reformulation is ongoing to improve the flexibility and durability of the nail polish. Other efforts are directed to improve antifungal properties,to eliminate ketones and formaldehyde resin (ketones because of their toxicity and irritating smell and formaldehyde resins because they contribute to dermatitis), and elimination of yellowing. All efforts are di-... 

Textiles can be made from many materials. They are classified on the basis of their component fibers into, animal (wool, silk), plant (cotton, flax, jute), mineral (asbestos, glass fiber), and synthetic (nylon, polyester, acrylic). They are also classified as to their structure or weave, according to the manner in which warp and weft cross each other in the loom. Textiles are made in various strengths and degrees of durability, from the finest gossamer to the sturdiest canvas. The relative thickness of fibers in... 

Two of these types are lacquers, giving quick drying to the dust-free state at ambient temperature, but at the expense of lower film build. Nitrocellulose-based lacquers are preferred in some European countries and acrylic lacquers in North America. Nitrocellulose is plasticised with nondrying alkyds, polyester and liquid plasticiser. Acrylics are plasticised internally by use of plasticising monomers with methyl methacrylate and by solvent plasticiser. Acrylics give better durability and nitrocellulose gives easier application. 

These requirements are usually met with two-pack paints based on hydroxyl-rich polyester or acrylic resins in the pigmented pack and aliphatic polyisocyanates in the activator pack. Cure with this type of finish is relatively fast and complete even at low ambient temperatures. An alternative finish is an acrylic lacquer, similar to the lacquer used for refinishing motor cars. These finishes are applied to the assembled aircraft by operators protected by air-fed hoods and using airless or conventional spray guns. High durability pigments are included. 

The use of FRP is desired to replace older materials of construction such as concrete, stucco, etc. They have been used in many historical preservation projects. The reason they are desired is because of light weight, durability ease of installation, and low maintenance (no dry rot, attack by insects, mold, etc.). These are typically nonstructural parts made by spray-up process or continuous panel process. An example are shown in Figure 23.11. This market is expected to continue to grow. The main resin used for exterior architectural applications are halogenated polyester resins. Since there is not a smoke requirement, resins that meet the ASTM E-84 flame spread requirement of <25 can be used for this application. The other common material used for these applications is polyester resin or modified acrylic resins that are filled with ATH. The ATH filled resins can also be used in interior applications since they will typically also have low smoke values. 

Binders for thermosetting powder coatings are often called a hardener. The hardeners are a mixture of a primary resin and a cross-linker. The major types of binders can be limited to polyester, epoxy, hybrid epoxypolyester, acrylic, and UV cure types. Polyester binders are used for good exterior durability, retention of gloss, and resistance to chalking. 

Some commercial durable antistatic finishes have been listed in Table 3 (98). Early patents suggest that amino resins (qv) can impart both antislip and antistatic properties to nylon, acrylic, and polyester fabrics. Cyclic polyurethanes, water-soluble amine salts cross-linked with styrene, and water-soluble amine salts of sulfonated polystyrene have been claimed to confer durable antistatic protection. Later patents included dihydroxyethyl sulfone [2580-77-0]9 hydroxyalkylated cellulose or starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-86-2] cross-linked with dimethylolethylene urea, chlorotriazine derivatives, and epoxy-based products. Other patents claim the use of various acrylic polymers and copolymers. Essentially, durable antistats are polyelectrolytes, and the majority of useful products involve variations of cross-linked polyamines containing polyethoxy segments (92,99—101). 

To make an assessment of this method a series of coatings were produced based on blends of polyester and acrylic copolymers. The actual QUV data (see Figure 14.15) show a gradual transition from the less durable polyester to the more durable acrylic. The photo-initiation rates were calculated from the nitroxide decay curves,... 

The fabrics used in this study were prepared by the Southern Regional Lab especially for the 13 states involved in the S-163 Project. They Include 100% cotton, 100% polyester, and a 50/50 cotton/polyester blend. Fabrics are print cloth, woven construction, with a thread count of 70W x 78F, 3.5 ounce per square yard. All fabrics were wet finished and heat set. A durable press finish (DMDHEU) was applied to cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics. A water repellent fluorocarbon finish (Corpel) and an acrylic acid soil-release finish were applied to all three types of fabrics. Our preliminary findings for the AATCC spray test are reported here. 

The choice of binders for the topcoat depends on the end use of the coil-coated metals. Acrylic topcoats were developed earliest, and are widely used indoors for surfaces that are not exposed to water, chemicals, or mechanical stress. Polyester coil coatings provide a good general-purpose finish, and can be used for a wide range of applications (e.g., car interiors and accessories, caravan exteriors, domestic appliances). Tough, abrasion-resistant, and durable general-purpose finishes can be formulated with polyurethane and polyester resins in combination. 

A breakdown of U.S. domestic synthetic staple and tow fiber shipments by end use is given in Table 12.33. Organized by fiber type and application, these data show that acrylic fiber is strongest in hosiery, sweaters, craft yarns, pile fabrics, circular knits, flat knits, and blankets. Polyester, valued for its low cost and easy-care properties, has a strong hold on the fiberfil, nonwoven, flat-knit and broad-woven fabric markets. Nylon, valued for its durability and resiliency, dominates the carpet market. Olefin, a fiber type that appears to be growing in popularity, has great impact on the nonwovens market and has made inroads in the carpet face yarn markets versus nylon staple and filament. Table 12.34 shows the same type of data as Table 12.32, but arranged by distribution of end use for each type of synthetic staple and tow fiber. 

World production is summarized by fiber type in Table 12.42 [690]. The data show a decline in acrylic and nylon fiber production and a steadily increasing produetion of polyester fiber. Polyester, a mainstay of the low-cost and easy-care markets, has grown considerably in the developing countries. Recent advances in the recycle of polyester has put more cost pressure on markets where polyester has been excluded because of deficiencies in properties. An example is the carpet face yarn market where polyester has suffered from its lack of resiliency and tendency for matting. New, durable constructions are possible with lower cost polyester supplies. Olefin production, while relatively low compared to the others, is also growing steadily. 

Classification Butylated melamine-formaldehyde resin Uses Crosslinking agent for alkyd/polyester or acrylic resins, for use in solv.-borne systems, industrial stoving finishes, automotive finishes, metal decorating and dipping enamels Features Provides exc. film hardness, outdoor durability, good flow and appearance... 

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