Resins, filled

Filled Resins. Filled compositions meet the requkements of an increased variety of mechanical, electrical, and chemical appHcations. Physical properties of filled granular compounds are shown in Table 4 (81). 

Resins filled with ground limestone to levels of 80% by weight are useful in soHd cast products. The fillers reduce sensitivity to brittle fracture and improve modulus, but have Httle effect on general strength properties (Table 8). 

Characteristic Cast resin Filled resin Glass-reinforced laminate Filament-wound laminate Pultmded profile... 

Xu, Z.N., Losur, S., and Gardner, S.D., Epoxy resin filled with tire rubber particles modified by plasma surface treatment, J. Adv. Mater., 30, 11, 1998. 

Bergvall, O. Brannstrom, M. (1971). Measurement of the space between composite resin fillings and cavity walls. Swedish Dental Journal, 64,... 

Apart from particular cases of resins filled with fibres and other acicular or lamellar fillers, the parts are isotropic if there are no residual constraints. 

The circular black region is a resin filled devolatilization pore surrounded by bitumen semicoke. Fused vitrinite is the bright region with very little texture. The photomicrograph suggests that neither the bitumen or the plastic coal are mutually soluble and the presence of bitumen does not interfere strongly with the fusion of vitrinite macerals. 

In the initial trials, a library of alkynes was synthesized from various aldehydes (Scheme 17). On the exit of the convection-flow coil, the flow was guided through a series of resin-filled glass cartridges to remove the side products and the unreacted materials and to afford the end stream with sufficient purity (>95%). 

In the general case of a resin filling a fiber-packed mold, snch as is fonnd in melt infiltration (see Fignre 4.14), flnid flow is equivalent to flow throngh porons... 

Table 4.12 Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Resin Filled with Various Compounds...

The second impregnation option also employs an open resin-filled bath, but the reinforcement is not guided down into the bath rather, it horizontally enters and exits the bath through holes and/or slots in the resin container and thus maintains its horizontal travel. The major advantage of this method, which often is used in production of hollow composites, is that the reinforcement does not need to be bent, which otherwise may exclude the use, or at least wrinkle or rip, of vertically oriented fabrics, mats, and veils. This impregnation method also has the disadvantage of significant volatile emissions. 

In some reports83,84) the change in the fractional free-volume was calculated at temperatures above Tg for epoxy resin filled with polystyrene particles on the basis of the experimental value of the reduction factor aT and the universal value fg according to the equation... 

From experimental data on viscoelastic properties the fractional free-volume was calculated according to the WLF equation for pure hardened resin, filled with different amounts of polymeric filler obtained from the same hardened resin. By using special methods for preparation of filled specimens, it was possible to obtain... 

The resin-bound amino acids (480 teabags) were treated with 15 equiv. of trityl chloride (0.1 M in 90% DMF/10% DCM) containing 20 equiv. of DIEA for 3 h. Following washes with DMF, the resin-filled teabags were dried overnight under high vacuum. 

Standard SPPS methodology was used (6 equiv. of Fmoc amino acid or Fmoc amino acid mixture, 6 equiv. DIC/HOBt, 1 h in DMF). Twenty-seven Fmoc amino acids were coupled individually to 135 resin-filled teabags (numbered 4730 56, 4830 56, 4930 56, 5030 56, 513 56). A mixture, containing 27 Fmoc amino acids in a predetermined isokinetic ratio,46 was coupled to 345 resin-filled teabags (numbered 47] 29- 4757 96, 48i 29,... 

Standard SPPS methodology was used (10 equiv. of carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid mixture, 10 equiv. DIC/HOBt, 12 h in DMF). Forty carboxylic acids were coupled individually to 200 resin-filled teabags (numbered 4757 96, 4857 96, 4957 96. 5057 96, 5157 A mixture, containing 40 carboxylic acids in a predetermined isokinetic ratio,23 was coupled to 280 resin-filled teabags (numbered 47] 56. 48 ] 56. 49 ] 56. 50] 56. 51] 56). The resin-filled teabags were dried overnight under high vacuum. 

TABLE 9.11 Properties of DGEBA Filled with Glass Microballoons Compared with Resin Filled with Mica (Epoxy Cured with 12 pph Diethanolamine)23... 

Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior. Until recently, little was known about the sequence of fracture behavior that occurs in the 2D composites that are used to fabricate large C-C structures, such as the exit cones of rocket engines. In such composites, the yarns in the cloth are held together by a carbon matrix derived from a phenolic resin filled with carbon particles. 

The use of the above equations is shown in Fig. 25 where the calculated and measured [45] Young s modulus of a crosslinked epoxy resin filled with silica (Si02) particles are compared. The elastic properties of the filler and matrix are [44]... 

Glass filled simulant Very regular Glassy, impression of double surface Signs of wax or resin filling... 

Covers a two-part epoxy-resin system in the form of a bisphenol "A" epoxy resin filled with fumed silica and carbon microspheres and a separate aromatic diamine curing agent. 

Figure 5.32. Conductivity of epoxy resin filled with silver coated glass beads vs. volume concentration. [Adapted, by permission, from Lekatou A, Faidi S E, Lyon S B, Newman R C, J. Mat. Res., 11, No.5, 1996, 1293-304.1...

Samples of epoxy resin filled with glass microspheres have a reduced elastic modulus after water immersion. The loss of elastic modulus is more pronounced as... 

Major results. Figure 14.7 shows that the resistivity of aluminum-filled PMMA changes abruptly. Smaller volumes of filler contribute a little to resistivity but, after certain threshold value of filler concentration, further additions have little contribution. A similar relationship was obtained for nickel powder the only difference is in the final value of resistivity, which was lower for nickel due to its higher conductivity. The same conclusions can be obtained from conductivity deteiminations of epoxy resins filled with copper and nickel. Figure 14.8 shows the effect of temperature on the electric conductivity of butyl rubber filled with different grades of carbon black. In both cases, conductivity decreases with temperature, but lamp black is substantially more sensitive to temperature changes. Even more pronounced changes with temperature were detected for the dielectric loss factor and dissipation factor for mineral filled epoxy." ... 

Figure 16.13. Viscosity of polyester resin filled with calcium carbonate and microspheres (total content of filler (CaCOs+microspheres) is 60 wt%). [Data courtesy of Abrasivos Y Maquinaria, SA, Barcelona, Spain] ...

---