Polyester—cotton blends

Cotton-nylon blends Cotton-polyester blends... 

Decabromododiphenyl Oxide—Polyacrylate Finish. This finish, effective on both polyester and nylon fabrics, is one of the most effective finishes available (ca 1993) for cotton—polyester blends (131). Relatively high cost and difficulty in appUcation may have prevented more widespread use. 

Textile Flame Retardants. The first known commercial appHcation for phosphine derivatives was as a durable textile flame retardant for cotton and cotton—polyester blends. The compounds are tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium salts (10) which are prepared by the acid-cataly2ed addition of phosphine to formaldehyde. The reaction proceeds ia two stages. Initially, the iatermediate tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine [2767-80-8] is formed. 

Two factors emerged to turn the focus of durable press the discovery that incorporation of a level of nylon or polyester in the fabric can substantially increase the garments abrasion resistance, and the reali2ation that the marketplace preferred cotton—polyester blends in delayed cure operations, even though 85% cotton—15% nylon fabric yields a suitable product. The 50% cotton—50% polyester fabric seemed particularly appropriate because it contained sufficient ceUulosic to benefit from a chemical finish and sufficient synthetic to provide strength and abrasion resistance. 

The phosphonic acid reactive dyes were appHed to cellulose under slightly acid pH rather than alkaline pH required for other ceUulosic reactive dyes. This feature made them especially attractive for one bath appHcation with disperse dyes to cotton/polyester blends. A review of these dyes appears ia Refereace 5. 

Most are either 100% cotton or a high percentage cotton-polyester blend (e.g., 85%/15%). 

Cotton-polyester blends For blends sometimes finishes, which are successful on one type of fiber, may prove to have antagonistic effect on blends.3 The general rule is to apply finish suitable to the majority fiber present or apply halogen-based coating (see Section 24.5.1.2). Most nondurable finishes for cotton will function on cotton-rich blends with polyester, but not for the polyester rich blend unless some bromine is present.3 Durable treatments such as Proban and Pyrovatex type finishes can be applied on higher cotton content fabrics, e.g., 80 20 cotton/polyester. 

Reactive Dyeing of Cotton and Cotton/Polyester Blends. 

Pilot-scale Investigation. Approximately 1.3 billion pounds of the textile fabrics and yarns that are annually batch-dyed are composed of 100% cotton or some percentage of cotton/polyester blends [2). The three major dye classes that have been utilized in recent years to color cotton-containing fabrics are vats, directs and reactives for 100% cotton, and these dyes plus disperse dyes for cotton/polyester blends. Several recent... 

The final area of knit fabric research was adaptation of reuse to the coloration of 50/50 cotton/polyester blends. Several problems in addition to those already listed had to be attacked and solved before the process could be developed ... 

Savings and Cost/Benefit Analysis. The bench scale experiments were successful Tn overcoming major technical problems while demonstrating that dyebath/auxiliary bath reuse is indeed feasible with reactive dyes on cotton-containing fabrics. In addition, a shortened-cycle dyeing procedure coupled with reuse for cotton/polyester blends was shown to further increase energy, mass, and time savings (Table XXX). 

Fixation of dyestuffs and pigments by incorporation in the crosslinked cellulose and in the finish network, also providing better wet fastness for conventional dyeings and printings Cellulosics mainly with direct and acid dyes, cotton/polyester blends with reactive dyes, preparation for dry heat transfer printing of cellulosics ... 

Excellent fibre lubricant and softener giving particularly good results on cotton and cotton/polyester blends. Helps to overcome stitch daamge which can occur during making up. 

REFORM textile reactant permanently reduces free formaldehyde levels on cured fabric when used with any of the usual durable-press resin systems--glyoxal, carbamate, or urea-formaldehyde. It works with both 100% cotton and cotton/polyester blended fabrics. 

Polymeric blend. Softener and napping assistant for cotton and cotton/polyester blends. Improves fabrics mechanical properties such as sewability and is non-yellowing and non-chlorine retentive. May be used in thermosetting resin finishes. 

Ruorocarbon treatment generally improves the penetration resistance of porous fabrics, both woven and nonwoven, to liquids and particles. The fluorocarbon reduces die differences between the resistances of 100% cotton and various cotton/polyester blends. Durable press finishes reduce penetration resistance to liquids. Studies of soil releasing treatments are inconclusive. Laundering reduces the effectiveness of finishes diey must be renewed periodically. 

When embedded in thin PET films at levels (10wt%) comparable to those achieved in cotton/polyester blend fabrics via bath padding and oven-curing 4-12 wt%), substantial flame retardancy is imparted to the PET films. This despite the fact that the molecular weights of FR and (i-CD are 401 and 1,135, respectively, which suggests that the FR is actually present at much reduced levels in the FR-P-CD-IC embedded PET films. 

Our experience here has been typified by the funding of a research consortia to carry out flammability testing with respect to cotton, polyester, blends in apparel and clothing where the consortia directed the activity in a more coherent and desirable fashion than would a research program directed by single segment of the community such as the university or the business firms. 

Cotton fabrics and cotton/polyester blend fabrics were treated in different finishing baths containing water repellent only, water repellent and a biocidal precursor (dihydro xymethyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, DMDMH), or DMDMH only. The antibacterial efficiency of the treated fabrics was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coh. Fabrics treated with water repellent only showed no antibacterial efficiency, whereas those treated with DMDMH either with or without water repellent showed excellent antibacterial efficiency. 4 refs. 

ChemLab Design an experiment that shows how you could distinguish between two fabric samples if one is polyester and the other is a cotton-polyester blend. 

Density measurements are extremely Important in industry, because a large amount of information can be obtained about a material with a reasonably simple measurement. By measuring the density of liquids, we can determine how much electrical charge is in your car battery, at what temperature your radiator will freeze, the salt content of a pickling brine, the alcohol content of a brandy, and certain diseases from urine samples. The densities of solids can tell us the hydration degree and porosity of Portland cement, the cotton-polyester blend in a fabric, the velocity of detonation of... 

BIP Phthalimide. [Novachem] Alkyl phdialimides carrier and leveling agent for cotton polyester blends. 

Apolloscour 951. [Apollo] Liq. aftersoap for cleaning loose reactive dyes from cotton and cotton/polyester blends. 

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