Fluorocarbons repellent finishes

Repellent finishes are usually compatible with easy-care and durable press finishes and many softeners. However, most silicone products interfere with the oil repellency of fluorocarbon finishes and should generally be avoided in an oil-repellent formulation. This is a remarkable contrast to the incorporation of silicone segments in the backbone chain of fluoropolymers, which generates a special soft handle. 

A resinous/amide durable type water repellent requiring satisfactory curing either alone or in the presence of additional thermosetting resin finishes. This material is highly recommended as an extender for the fluorocarbon type oil/water repellent finishes currently being used. 

Fluorocarbon extender additive for water-repellent finishes. PROTE-SOIL 397 ... 

Not identifying trademarked fabric treatments/finishes, referring to them rather by generic descriptions. For example, the descriptions of the same treatment may range from "soil repellent finish" to "fluorocarbon" to "a 3M fluorocarbon" to " Scotchgard ."... 

Zepel [Du Pont]. TM for a fluorocarbon textile finish used as a durable oil and water repellent. 

Uses Wetting agent for water repellent and fluorocarbon textile finishes Features Nonrewetting Properties Nonionic Taurine-KWT [TaumsTech.]... 

Several smdies have been conducted on the use of plasma for water-repellent deat-ment of fabrics (Ceria and Hauser, 2010 Leroux et al., 2008 Di Mundo et al., 2009). Most of these studies have used fluorocarbon-based chemistry however, none of them attempted a dual treatment with antimicrobials. One study combined a water-repellent finish with a flame-retardant finish (Tsafack and Levalois-Griitzmacher, 2007). Moreover, a review paper entitled Non-thermal Plasma Treatment of Textiles provides a comprehensive review of how nonthermal plasma was used effectively to impart different properties to textiles such as hydrophihc, hydrophobic, and oleopho-bic properties (Morent, et al., 2008). 

Appretan EM, a polyvinyl acetate for stiffening finishes 2.5% Nuva CSF, a fluorocarbon for water and oil repellent finishing... 

Finishes that repel water, oil and dry dirt are important in all parts of the textile market - for clothing, home and technical textiles. Water repellency is achieved using different product groups, but oil repellency is attained only with fluorocarbon polymers. They are modified to have a wide range of properties to fit the different demands of the users and the intended purpose. This is one of the most interesting new developments of chemical finishing. 

FC finishes alone do not sufficiently prevent coffee, tea and other foodstuffs from dyeing nylon and wool carpets with coloured spots, especially when these liquids are not quickly removed. Stain blocking for these carpets is achieved by the combination of FC products with syntans. The latter are also used for wet fasmess improvement of acid dyed nylon (see Chapter 13). Stain repellency is promoted by hydrophobic finishes, mostly fluorocarbons, but with decreasing costs also by... 

Permanent antistatic fmishes, based on crosshnked polyamines and polyglycols, need an alkaline catalyst. Therefore the one-bath combination with finishes, which need acid catalysis, is difficult but not impossible. Examples of acid-catalysed fmishes are the easy-care and durable press fmishes, durable hydrophylic silicone softeners and elastomeric finishes, also fluorocarbon-based repellency and some flame-retardant finishes. High finish effects result from a two-bath application with of the easy-care finish first followed by the surface-related antistatic finish. 

Naturally, leather absorbs some liquid water but mainly is water resistant. The leather industries do not claim that it is waterproof. So-called waterproof leathers are finished with water repellent agents such as organo-silicon, fluorocarbon and so on. Water absorption of leather can be tested by a static absorption method (ASTM D1815, 2000a). Cut the conditioned specimen with a circular cutter. Measure the diameter and thickness of the specimen. Calculate its volume in cubic centimetres. Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g. Immerse the specimen in distilled water at 23 1 °C in ahorizontal position with the grain side up. Leave the specimen immersed for a period of 30 min. At the end of immersion, take out the specimen and blot the surface of the specimen with filter paper to remove excess water. Weigh the specimen immediately to the nearest 0.01 g. Calculate the amount of water absorbed by the specimen ... 

The fabrics used in this study were prepared by the Southern Regional Lab especially for the 13 states involved in the S-163 Project. They Include 100% cotton, 100% polyester, and a 50/50 cotton/polyester blend. Fabrics are print cloth, woven construction, with a thread count of 70W x 78F, 3.5 ounce per square yard. All fabrics were wet finished and heat set. A durable press finish (DMDHEU) was applied to cotton and cotton/polyester fabrics. A water repellent fluorocarbon finish (Corpel) and an acrylic acid soil-release finish were applied to all three types of fabrics. Our preliminary findings for the AATCC spray test are reported here. 

Chem. Descrip. High m.w. thermosetting resin Uses Produces very durable water repellent textile finishes Features Works well with fluorocarbons Tanawet AR [Bayer/Industrial Chems./Textile]... 

Lately substitution of hazardous substances has become a hard task for fabric finishing companies. Substances such as easy-care products, fluorocarbons for water- and oil-repellent properties, various flame retardants (halogen or phosphor-based), plasticizers... 

Fluorocarbons are known to introduce durable water and oil repellency (DWOR) and, as such, they are apphed in water- and stain-repellent fabrics for apparel. The combination of water and oil repellency is a typical behavior of fluorocarbon products. In the past, finishes based on C8 fluorocarbons (eight carbon atoms in the structure) were mainly used. However, concerns arose associated with these C8 fluorocarbons, more specifically with respect to PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid or pentadecafluorooctanoic acid) and PFOS (perfluorooctane sulphonate or heptadecafluoro-l-octanesulfonic acid). 

The tendency is to replace the C8 fluorocarbon chemistry by C6 or C4 fluorocarbon products or even fluorine-free water repellents. Currently, new commercial DWOR finishes are coming onto the market based on short chain fluorocarbons (C6 or C4 fluorocarbon chemistry), hybrid systems, or they are fluorine free. 

Dirt repellence is a desirable property for a large number of textile products used in outdoor applications. It can be obtained by finishes or coatings, although the smoothing of the textile surface by calender rolls is also known to be an effective method. For the repellence of oily contamination, silicon compounds, carboxymethyl celluloses and fluorocarbon finishes are applied to the fibres or to the textile material. 

Fluorinated polymers can be used not only in membrane layers but also as coatings, as Table 10.8 suggests. Fluorocarbon finishes may also be applied to outer layers in order to aid chemical repellency while maintaining fabric breathability. Such finishes may also have a positive effect in increasing resistance to aerosols, and an evaluation of aerosol spray penetrability of finished and unfinished woven, and nonwoven fabrics was carried out some years ago. The results indicated that the presence of a fluorocarbon finish increases the resistance to aerosol penetration. The woven fabrics... 

Recent experiments by the authors studied the water repellence of PET fabrics (technical fabrics), photochemically treated in the presence of, e.g., 1,5-hexadiene, 1,7-octadiene, diallylphthalate (DAP) and l//,l//,2//,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate (PFDA). Exemplary experimental data are summarized in Fig. 13 showing drop penetration times in excess of 1 hour (measurements were stopped after this time) and DuPont grading of up to 8. The relevant values for the untreated fabrics were drop penetration time approx. 20 s and a DuPont grading 0. Based on the well-known effect of heat treatments on long-chain fluoro compounds (cf. Sections 4 and 5.1), the samples treated with PFDA were also characterized following a further heat treatment. As was found in the case of wet-chemical finishes and plasma-deposited fluorocarbon thin layers, the water repellence of the samples could be further enhanced by heat treatment in this case also. 

Hydrophobic properties are achieved by the application of the water/oU repellent treatment to the substrates (Bahners et al., 2008). The main product groups for this treatment are (1) metal salt paraffin dispersion, (2) polysUoxane and (3) fluorocarbon polymers. The surface of the substrates must be covered with molecules in such a way that their hydrophobic radicals are ideally positioned as parallel as possible, facing outwards, during the chemical finishing with these products. 

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