Polychlorinated biphenyls disposal

TSCA also addresses the problem of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated fluorocarbons (CECs). EPA has developed regulations on the cleanup, handling, and disposal of PCBs. The manufacture and use of CECs has been banned for all but essential uses, in accordance with the Montreal Agreement, an international treaty on worldwide use of CECs. 

Although the major concern about the fate of organic pollntants in soil has been about pesticides in agricultural soils, other scenarios are also important. The disposal of wastes on land (e.g., at landfill sites) has raised questions about movement of pollutants contained in them into the air or neighboring rivers or water conrses. The presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or PAHs in snch wastes can be a significant source of pollution. Likewise, the disposal of some industrial wastes in landfill sites (e.g., by the chemical industry) raises questions about movement into air or water and needs to be carefully controlled and monitored. 

SI 2000/1043 Environmental Protection (Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and other Dangerous Substances)... 

EC Directive on the disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCB/PCT)... 

With the recent Increase In activity at hazardous waste sites where cleanup and remedial action are underway, there has emerged a need for rapid analytical methods for assessing contamination in water, sediment, and soil. Of special Interest, because of widespread use and disposal. Is the group of materials known as PCB s (polychlorinated biphenyls). 

The use and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are regulated by the TSCA. In addition to the RCRA used oil management standards, marketers and burners of used oil contaminated with any quantifiable level of PCBs are subject to the current TSCA requirements, which provide comprehensive management standards for such used oils. 

S. Centi, S. Laschi, M. Franek, and M. Mascini, A disposable immunomagnetic electrochemical sensor based on functionalized magnetic beads and carbon-based screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) for the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Anal. Chim. Acta 538, 205—212 (2005). 

This book examines comprehensively the chlorine industry and its effects on the environment. It covers not only the history of chlorine production, but also looks at its products, their effects on the global environment and the international legislation which controls their use, release and disposal. Individual chapters are dedicated to subjects such as end use processes, water disinfection and metallurgy, environmental release of organic chlorine compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls, legal instruments and the future of the chlorine industry. 

This is a short item that provides information on the European Union regulations regarding the disposal/ destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls and other injurious substances. Very brief details of the regulations are provided. 

The vendor claims that the TDR process can be used to treat soil and sludge contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, polynuclear aromatic compounds, solvents, dioxins, furans, organic pesticides and herbicides, solvents, petroleum wastes, as well as nonhalogenated volatile and semivolatile compounds. The treated residuals from the process include recovered water, oil that can be used for recycling as an alternative fuel or for recycling or can be disposed, and clean soil that can be used as backfill. The volume of treated sludge is reduced by as much as 95% by this thermal process, depending on the initial level of contaminants. 

The SoilTech anaerobic thermal processor (ATP) technology is a physical separation process that thermally desorbs organics such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from soil and sludge. The SoilTech system distills organic contaminants from a solid matrix in an anaerobic environment, thus preventing oxidative degradation of contaminants such as PCBs into more harmful reaction products. Contaminants are collected in an oily condensate, which is disposed. 

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCDE) is an ex situ process currently being researched for the treatment of soil and debris contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) as well as for the removal of solvents from low-level solid mixed wastes and land disposal restricted (LDR) wastes. 

This technology has been used to treat polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), halogenated and nonhalogenated solvents, semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, herbicides, fuel oils, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), and mercury. This system has also treated Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous wastes such as petroleum refinery wastes and multisource leachate treatment residues to meet RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) treatment standards. 

Nadim, L., Schocken, M.J., Higson, F.J., Gibson, D. T., Bedard, D. L., Bopp, L. H. Mondello, F. J. (1987). Bacterial oxidation of polychlorinated biphenyls. In Proceedings of the 13th Annual Research Symposium on Land Disposal, Remedial Action, Incineration, and Treatment of Hazardous Waste, pp. 395—402. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH (EPA/600/9-87/015). 

The Environmental Protection (Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and other Dangerous Substances) (England and Wales) Regulations (S.I. 2000 No. 1043) London, The Stationery Office, 2000. 

The system for classification and disposal of hazardous chemical waste developed by EPA under RCRA does not apply to all wastes that contain hazardous chemicals. For example, wastes that contain dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), or asbestos are regulated under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). In addition, the current definition of hazardous waste in 40 CFR Part 261 specifically excludes many wastes that contain hazardous chemicals from regulation under RCRA, including certain wastes produced by extraction, beneficiation, and processing of various ores and minerals or exploration, development, and use of energy resources. Thus, the waste classification system is not comprehensive, because many potentially important wastes that contain hazardous chemicals are excluded, and it is not based primarily on considerations of risks posed by wastes, because the exclusions are based on the source of the waste rather than the potential risk. 

PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) A family of chemicals composed of biphenyl molecules that have been chlorinated to varying degrees, performance assessment A type of risk assessment in which the potential long-term impacts of hazardous waste disposal on human health and the environment are evaluated for the purpose of determining whether disposal of specific wastes at specific sites should be acceptable, persistence The length of time that a contaminant persists in the environment. 

US Environmental Protection Agency, Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Final Rule, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Parts 750 and 761, Volume 63, [US Government Printing Office, 1998c]. 

Centi, S., E. Silva, S. Laschi, et al. 2007. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) detection in milk samples by an electrochemical magneto-immunosensor (EMI) coupled to solid-phase extraction (SPE) and disposable low-density arrays. Anal. Chim. Acta 594 9-16. 

Griffin, R.A., Clark, R., Lee, M.C., Chian, E.S.K. (1978) Disposal and removal of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil. In Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste. David Schultz Ed., EPA-600/9-78-016, pp. 169-181. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

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