Questions raising

The resonance vector analysis has been used to explore all of the questions raised above on the fate of the polyad numbers in larger molecules, the most thoroughly investigated case so far probably being C2FI2- This molecule has been very extensively probed by absorption as well as stimulated emission pumping and dispersed fluorescence teclmiques [, 53, 70 and 71], the experimental spectra have been analysed in... 

To appreciate the questions raised by Knudsen s results, consider first the relation between molar flow and pressure gradient for a pure gas flowing through a porous plug, rather than a capillary. The form predicted by the dusty gas model can be obtained by setting = 1, grad = 0 in equation... 

Our objective in the preceding argument has been to justify the attitude that each ab linkage forms according to the same rate law, regardless of the extent of the reaction. While our attention is focused on the rate laws, we might as well consider the question, raised above, about the actual rates of these reactions. This is the topic of the next section. 

In this section we turn our attention to two other questions raised in Sec. 5.2, namely, how do the molecules distribute themselves among the different possible species and how does this distribution vary with the extent of reaction Since a range of species is present at each stage of the polymerization, it is apparent that a statistical answer is required for these questions. This time, our answer begins, On the average. . . . ... 

There have been some questions raised concerning possible carcinogenic hazards of residual monomer. 

The questions raised in the foregoing paragraphs will be examined briefly, and in principle only, as the detailed account of many of the researches which apply to one plant only, would be outside the scope of this work. 

Transmission electron microscopic observaiion reveals various morphologies of precipitates depending upon the constituents and composition of an alloy system, history of heat treatments etc. Typical examples are spherical precipitates found in Nl-Cr-Al system and cuboidal precipitates in Fe-Mo system [1]. The first question raised is what determines the shape of a precipitate. 

SOME QUESTIONS RAISED DURING THE STUDY OF A BURNING CANDLE... 

Furchgott and Zawadzki [1] first discovered that endothelial cells release a substance(s) responsible for the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle by acetylcholine this substance was named endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). This epoch-making discovery answers the question raised for nearly one hundred years by pharmacologists about why vascular smooth muscle is relaxed by acetylcholine, which however elicits contraction of the other smooth muscles. Because of its instability, the true chemical nature of EDRF was not easily identified. Several years later, several research groups independently found that the biological activities and biochemical properties of EDRF were identical... 

There have been questions raised as to the suitability of using nucleation to explain, for example, the morphology or concentration behaviour. However, Toda... 

The fundamental understanding of the diazonio group in arenediazonium salts, and of its reactivity, electronic structure, and influence on the reactivity of other substituents attached to the arenediazonium system depends mainly on the application of quantitative structure-reactivity relationships to kinetic and equilibrium measurements. These were made with a series of 3- and 4-substituted benzenediazonium salts on the basis of the Hammett equation (Scheme 7-1). We need to discuss the mechanism of addition of a nucleophile to the P-nitrogen atom of an arenediazonium ion, and to answer the question, raised several times in Chapters 5 and 6, why the ratio of (Z)- to ( -additions is so different — from almost 100 1 to 1 100 — depending on the type of nucleophile involved and on the reaction conditions. However, before we do that in Section 7.4, it is necessary to give a short general review of the Hammett equation and to discuss the substituent constants of the diazonio group. 

Questions raised relating to the assessment of a marketing application e.g. Pre-authorisation Inspections... 

We would like to discuss the questions raised above in more detail. Obviously, in numerical solution of mathematical problems it is unrealistic to reproduce a difference solution for all the values of the argument varying in a certain domain of a prescribed Euclidean space. The traditional way of covering this is to select some finite set of points in this domain and look for an approximate solution only at those points. Any such set of points is called a grid and the isolated points are termed the grid nodes. 

Questions raised during, and largely answered by, various sessions of the symposia include ... 

One of the early questions raised on TUD-1 dealt with its pore structure did it have intersecting or nonintersecting pores At the University of Utrecht, one conclusive characterization was carried out with a silica TUD-1 with Pt inserted, which was analyzed by 3-D TEM (transmission electron microscopy) (9). The Pt anchors (not shown) were used as a focal point for maintaining the xyz orientation. As shown in Figure 41.2, the TUD-1 is clearly amorphous. While not quantitatively measured for this sample, the pores appear rather uniform, consistent with all porosimetry measurements on TUD-1 showing narrow pore size distributions. 

Some typical questions raised in pipeline network design and analysis are... 

Is a catalyst necessary or desirable If a catalyst is employed, what are the ramifications with respect to product distribution, operating conditions, most desirable type of reactor, process economics, and other pertinent questions raised below ... 

The essential questions raised by the assumption of athermal or specific effects of microwaves are, then, the change of these characteristic terms (free energy of reaction and of activation) of the reaction studied. Hence, in relation to previous conclusions, five criteria or arguments (in a mathematical sense) relating to the occurrence of microwave athermal effects have been formulated by the author [25], More details can be found in comprehensive papers which analyze and quantify the likelihood of nonthermal effects of microwaves. This paper provides guidelines which clearly define the character of nonthermal effects. 

These XPS results cause great uncertainty as to the chemical state of emersed Pb(UPD) films on Ag and validate questions raised about partial desorption of UPD films after potential control is lost (3,9). Nevertheless, XPS chemical shifts of the Pb(4f) peaks show a dependence on the emersion potential i.e. the Pb coverage before emersion. Some emersed films also displayed at least two different chemical states of the UPD Pb (Figures 4b an 5b). 

There have been some questions raised about the validity of results of extensive and sequential extraction methods. There is the possibility that species of an analyte may change during the extraction process. It is also possible that a species may be liberated and then reabsorbed during extraction or subsequent isolation. The same or similar question could be raised about various initial sampling and subsequent storage methodologies as described next. In spite of these questions, the BCR methodology has been widely accepted [39-41],... 

These objectives are addressed by the usual subchronic study. Some subchronic studies, however, are unusual in being conceived, designed, and executed to address specific questions raised (or left unanswered) by previous preclinical or early clinical studies. Such a special purpose is addressed separately. 

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