Polycaprolactone glycol

The IPNs prepared were composed of a rubbery polyurethane and a glassy epoxy component. For the polyurethane portion, a carbodiimide-modified diphenyl-methane diisocyanate (Isonate 143L) was used with a polycaprolactone glycol (TONE polyol 0230) and a dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst (T-12). For the epoxy, a bisphenol-A epichlorohydrin (DER 330) was used with a Lewis acid catalyst system (BF -etherate). The catalysts crosslink via a ring-opening mechanism and were intentionally selected to provide minimum grafting with any of the polyurethane components. The urethane/epoxy ratio was maintained constant at 50/50. A number of fillers were included in the IPN formulations. The materials used are shown in Table I. 

Diphenylmethane 4,4 -diisocyanate (MDI) and 2,4 toluene-diisocyanate (TDI) are the most common diisocyanates used to produce polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers. The long-chain diols are usually polyesters [e.g., poly(ethylene adipate) glycol] or polyethers [e.g., poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol], Polycaprolactone glycol is used in premium products. 

Other blends such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) with cellulose acetate (208), PHA with polycaprolactone (209), poly(lactic acid) with poly(ethylene glycol) (210), chitosan and cellulose (211), poly(lactic acid) with inorganic fillers (212), and PHA and aUphatic polyesters with inorganics (213) are receiving attention. The different blending compositions seem to be limited only by the number of polymers available and the compatibiUty of the components. The latter blends, with all natural or biodegradable components, appear to afford the best approach for future research as property balance and biodegradabihty is attempted. Starch and additives have been evaluated ia detail from the perspective of stmcture and compatibiUty with starch (214). 

See also PBT degradation structure and properties of, 44-46 synthesis of, 106, 191 Polycaprolactam (PCA), 530, 541 Poly(e-caprolactone) (CAPA, PCL), 28, 42, 86. See also PCL degradation OH-terminated, 98-99 Polycaprolactones, 213 Poly(carbo[dimethyl]silane)s, 450, 451 Polycarbonate glycols, 207 Polycarbonate-polysulfone block copolymer, 360 Polycarbonates, 213 chemical structure of, 5 Polycarbosilanes, 450-456 Poly(chlorocarbosilanes), 454 Polycondensations, 57, 100 Poly(l,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT), 25 Polydimethyl siloxanes, 4 Poly(dioxanone) (PDO), 27 Poly (4,4 -dipheny lpheny lpho sphine oxide) (PAPO), 347 Polydispersity, 57 Polydispersity index, 444 Poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA), 41 Poly(DL-lactic acid) (PDLLA), 42 Polyester amides, 18 Polyester-based networks, 58-60 Polyester carbonates, 18 Polyester-ether block copolymers, 20 Polyester-ethers, 26... 

Integral adsorption enthalpies AH for the adsorption of poly(vinyl acetate), poly(n-butyl methacrylate), and polycaprolactone from carbon tetrachloride solutions on Aerosil 200 silica were measured by Korn and Killmann98), who used IR spectroscopy for the determination of p. The values obtained for the three polymers exhibited the same characteristic dependence on adsorbance as that observed for poly(ethylene glycol). If the enthalpy of polymer-solvent and polymer-polymer interactions is neglected, the net binding adsorption enthalpy AHp A can be calculated from... 

As pointed out by Heller (2), polymer erosion can be controlled by the following three types of mechanisms (1) water-soluble polymers insolubilized by hydrolytically unstable cross-links (2) water-insoluble polymers solubilized by hydrolysis, ionization, or protonation of pendant groups (3) hydrophobic polymers solubilized by backbone cleavage to small water soluble molecules. These mechanisms represent extreme cases the actual erosion may occur by a combination of mechanisms. In addition to poly (lactic acid), poly (glycolic acid), and lactic/glycolic acid copolymers, other commonly used bioerodible/biodegradable polymers include polyorthoesters, polycaprolactone, polyaminoacids, polyanhydrides, and half esters of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers (3). 

Liquefaction of untreated wood can also be achieved at a lower temperature of 150°C and at atmospheric pressure in the presence of a catalyst [12]. Phenolsulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid were used as catalysts. In this acid catalyst method, phenols and polyhydric alcohols can also be used for the coexisting organic solvents. Phenol, cresol, bisphenol A and F, and so forth are successfully adoptable as the phenols. Polyethylene glycols, polyether polyols (epoxide additionally reacted polyether polyol, polyethylene terephthalate polyol) have been found to liquify wood resulting in polyol solutions [13]. Liquefaction of wood in the presence of -caprolactone, glycerin, and sulfuric acid has also been accomplished. It was confirmed in this case that liquefaction and polymerization, the latter of which produces polycaprolactone, take place in the reaction system at the same time [14]. Besides the wood material, it has become apparent that trunk and coconut parts of palm, barks, bagasse, coffee bean wastes, and used OA papers can also be liquified [15]. 

Acrylic acid and derivatives have been free radically grafted onto the backbone of biodegradable polycaprolactone and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). These functionalized biocompatible materials are useful as drug delivery agents. 

Abbreviations A, acetone ASES, aerosol solvent extraction system DM, dichloromethane DMF, A/,A/-dimethyl-formamide E, ethanol GAS, gas antisolvent process H, hexane HYAFF-11, hyaluronic acid benzylic ester I, isopropanol PAN, polyacrylonitrile PCA, precipitation with compressed antisolvent PCL, polycaprolactone PHB, poly(p-hydroxybutyric acid) PLA, polylactic acid PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) SAS, supercritical antisolvent process SEDS, solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids TFE, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol Triblock polymer, p poly(L-lactide-CO-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)(62.5 1 2.5 25). 

Until recently, the polyol component was restricted to poly(oxytetramethylene)glycol (PTMG), polycaprolactone diol and to adipate ester diols such as poly(ethyleneadipate)diol. The structures of these polyols are shown in Figure 2. 

Preparation of Cast Elastomers. The cast elastomers were prepared in a two-step procedure. First prepolymers were made from one polyether polyol (poly(oxy-tetramethylene) glycol of 1000 M.W., (POTMG)) and two polyester polyols (adipate polyester of 2000 M.W. (PAG) and polycaprolactone of 1250 M.W. (PCL)) by reaction with the corresponding diisocyanates (MDI, PPDI, CHDI or NDI) at an NCO/OH ratio of 2/1. The temperature was maintained at 80°C and periodic samples were withdrawn to determined the isocyanate content. When the isocyanate content of the mixture reached within 0.3% of the calculated value, the reaction was stopped by cooling. The prepolymer could be kept for a period of six months in the absence of moisture. The isocyanate-terminated prepolymers were then chain-extended with... 

It is considered that the polyurethanes based on oleochemical polyols, dimer acids and dimer alcohols, PTHF and PC-polyols lead to polyurethanes with excellent hydrolytic stability. Polycaprolactone (PCL) polyols and poly (butylene adipate) lead to polyurethanes with good hydrolytic stability, but use of poly (diethylene glycol adipate) give polyurethanes with poor hydrolytic resistance. 

Liu L, Xu X et al (2009) Synthesis and self-assembly of chitosan-based copolymer with a pair of hydrophobic/hydrophilic grafts of polycaprolactone and poly(ethylene glycol). Carbohydr Polym 75 401 07... 

Intimate mixture under pressure of the polymer material with a core material before or after SCF solvation of the polymer, followed by an abrupt release of pressure, leads to an efficient solidification of the polymeric material around the core material. This technique was used to microencapsulate infectious bursal disease virus vaccine in a polycaprolactone (PCL) or a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) matrix " ]. 

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