Dispersion solution-enhanced

Solution-diffusion tubing, flow through, 15 722, 723 Solution dumps, 9 797 Solution/electrode interface, 9 574-581 Solution-enhanced dispersion by... 

SEDS solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids... 

Micronization with supercritical fluids - Crystallization - Rapid expansion - Gas anti-solvent Recrystallization - Precipitation with compressed anti-solvent - Solution-enhanced dispersion - Particles from gas-saturated solutions 80 - 300 fine particles and powders from various products and of designed properties... 

Gas anti-solvent processes (GASR, gas anti-solvent recrystallization GASP, gas antisolvent precipitation SAS, supercritical anti-solvent fractionation PCA, precipitation with a compressed fluid anti-solvent SEDS, solution-enhanced dispersion of solids) differ in the way the contact between solution and anti-solvent is achieved. This may be by spraying the solution in a supercritical gas, spraying the gas into the liquid solution. 

SCFs have also been used in conjunction with organic solvents to generate particles of desirec morphology and attributes [56], One intrinsic limitation of SCFs is their inability to dissolve moderate to highly polar compounds. Such compounds can be easily dissolved in suitable organic solvents, and SCFs can be used as antisolvents to precipitate the solids. This procedure has been terme as solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical Luids (SEDS). Depending on the method by which solution and SCF are introduced and mixed into each other, different applications have been described. These include ... 

Edwards, A. D., B. Y. Shekunov, A. Kordikowski, R. T. Forbes, and P. York. 2001. Crystallization of pure anhydrous polymorphs of carbamezapine by solution enhanced dispersion with supercritical uids (SEDS)J Pharm ScB0 1115-1124. 

York, P, Hanna, M., Shekunow, Y., and Humphreys, G. 0. Microfine particle formation by SEDS (solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids) Scale up by design, in Proceedings of Respiratory Drug Delivery VI. Buffalo Grove, IL Interpharm Press, 1998. 

Ghaderi, R. Artursson, P. J., C. Preparation of biodegradable microparticles using solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS). Pharm. Res. 1999, 16, 676-681. 

SEDS Solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluid to achieve small droplet size and intense mixing of supercritical fluid and solution for increased transfer rates... 

Gas antisolvent processes can be performed in a semicontinuous mode. In this case the solution and the antisolvent are continuously introduced in the system until the desired amount of the product is formed. The introduction of the solution is then stopped and the DG flux extracts the residual solvent from the system. The system is then depressurized to enable collection of the product. The solution is generally introduced through an atomization nozzle that favors the prompt expansion of the solution and the formation of small particles. Different process configurations have been utilized, i.e., co- and countercurrent introduction of the solution and antisolvent fluxes and various nozzles have been designed. The process is referred to by different acronyms such as ASES (aerosol solvent extraction system), SAS (supercritical antisolvent), SEDS (solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids), PCA (precipitation with a compressed fluid antisolvent), GASR (gas antisolvent recrystallization), GASP (gas antisolvent precipitation). 

Edwards, A.D. Shekunov, B.Y. Kordikowski, A. Forbes, R.T. York, P. Crystallization of pure anhydrous polymorphs of carbamazepine by solution enhanced dispersion with supercritical fluids (SEDS ). J. Pharm. Sci. 2001, 90 (8), 1115-1124. 

One variant of the GAS or SAS process (SCF as antisoivent) is solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS). Coaxial nozzles are used to introduce drug solution and carbon dioxide at the desired temperature and pressure. In this case, the SCF carries out both droplet breakup and antisoivent functions. SEDS has been tested for a number of pharmaceutical compounds. As noted above, this is a continuing effort. 

SEDS.Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical Fluid... 

Finally, depending on the authors, the same acronym may have different meanings. Thus meaning SEDS, solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids, was first defined by the research group of Bradford University in its patents (15,16) filed in 1995 and 1996, but more recently edited book, the same acronym was used for solution-enhanced dispersion of solids (17). 

SOLUTION-ENHANCED DISPERSION BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (SEDS) PROCESS... 

Palakodaty S, York P, Hanna M, Pritchard J. Crystallisation of lactose using solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) technique. Proceedings of the 5th Meeting on Supercritical Fluids. Vol 1. Perrut M, Subra P, eds. Nice, France, 1998 275-280. 

Wilkins S, Shekunov BY, York P. Theophylline ethylcellulose co-precipitates formed by solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS) and solvent co-evaporation—structural analysis by synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. AAPS Pharm Sci 2001 3 1136. 

Edwards AD, Shekunov BY, Forbes RT, Grossmann JG, York P. The structure and morphology of poly(L-lactide) particles formed by spray-drying and solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS). Proceedings of the 18th Pharmaceutical Technology Conference, Utrecht, Netherlands, 1999 1 37 4. 

Gilbert DJ, Palakodaty S, York P, Schultz TW, Shah D. Isolation of the polymorphic forms of RWJ-337813 using the solution enhanced dispersion by the supercritical fluids (SEDS ) technique. AAPS Pharm Sci 2001 3(3). Kordikowski A, York P, Latham D. Resolution of ephedrine in supercritical CO2 a novel technique for the separation of chiral drugs. J Pharm Sci 1999 88 786-791. 

As described in Chapter 3, several SCF techniques are available for the preparation of drug delivery systems. These include rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS), gas antisolvent recrystallization (GAS), supercritical antisolvent recrystallization (SAS), supercritical antisolvent with enhanced mass transfer (SAS-EM), solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS), supercritical fluid nucleation (SFN), precipitation with compressed antisolvent (PCA), and aerosolized supercritical extraction of solvents (ASES). While RESS and SFN involve the expansion of a supercritical fluid solution of a drug to form drug particles, GAS, SAS, SAS-EM, SEDS, PCA, and ASES use a supercritical fluid as an antisolvent to precipitate particles of a drug dissolved in an organic solvent (5). General RESS and GAS processes are further elaborated in Sections 1.1.1 and 1.1.2. 

Abbreviations A, acetone ASES, aerosol solvent extraction system DM, dichloromethane DMF, A/,A/-dimethyl-formamide E, ethanol GAS, gas antisolvent process H, hexane HYAFF-11, hyaluronic acid benzylic ester I, isopropanol PAN, polyacrylonitrile PCA, precipitation with compressed antisolvent PCL, polycaprolactone PHB, poly(p-hydroxybutyric acid) PLA, polylactic acid PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) SAS, supercritical antisolvent process SEDS, solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids TFE, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol Triblock polymer, p poly(L-lactide-CO-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)(62.5 1 2.5 25). 

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