Butylene adipate

Poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate) precipitate from the resin solution as it cures. This mechanism offsets the contraction in volume as the polyester resin cross-links, resulting in a nonshrinking thermoset. Other polymer additives such as poly(butylene adipate) provide similar shrinkage... 

Polyesters are another important class of polyols. There are many polyester types used, so a generic structure is shown in Scheme 4.4. They are often based on adipic acid and either ethylene glycol (ethylene adipates) or 1,4-butanediol (butylene adipates). Polyesters, because of the polar carbonyl groups, contribute more to intermolecular forces, and physical properties such as tear and impact resistance are often improved by using them. They are also utilized for their solvent and acid resistance and light stability. Relatively poor hydrolytic stability is... 

Polymeric plasticisers have been used as partial or total replacements for di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) in PVC cling film to reduce levels of plasticiser migration when used for food contact. Castle et al. [792] used SEC in combination with H 1-NMR and MS for the isolation and identification of seven individual oligomers in the most commonly employed polymeric plasticiser, poly(butylene adipate) (Reoplex R346). Both mass (RI) and specific ester moiety (UV) were being monitored (Figure 4.21). The oligomers were identified... 

We discovered another synthetic technique that involves the conversion by direct fluorination of hydrocarbon polyesters to perfluoropolyesters followed by treatment with sulfur tetrafluoride to produce new perfluoropolyethers.42 The first paper in this area ofreasearch reported that conversion of poly(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene succinate) and poly( 1,4-butylene adipate) by using the direct fluorination to produce novel branched and linear perfluoropolyethers, respectively. The structures are shown in Figure 14.6. The second paper concerns the application of the direct fluorination technology base directed toward oligomers, diacids, diesters, and surfactants.43... 

OECD Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development PBAT Poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephtalate)... 

Ecoflex F, the original Ecoflex grade, is a completely fossil-based ahphatic-aromatic copolyester produced by BASF (see Sect. 4). It is synthesized from 1,4-butanediol, adipic acid and terephthalic acid, and is a poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT). 

In the recent years, new markets have arisen for biodegradable polymers such as poly(butylene adipate-terephthalate), poly(lactide), poly(butylenesuccinate), or poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(carbonates). They constitute a new class of green polymers with wide application potential for packaging, clothing, carpets, applications in automotive engineering, foils, and utilities in agriculture. 

PBAD PBMA P(BMA S) P(BMA a-S) P(BSAC) poly(butylene adipate) poly(n-butyl methacrylate) poly(n-butyl methacrylate-co-styrene) poly(n-butyl methacrylate-co-atactic-styrene) poly(bisphenol-a-carbonate)... 

Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC), Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE), Creep, Time-to-Failure, Hydrolysis, Co-poly(ester ester), Poly(butylene terephthalate), Poly(butylene adipate). 

Copoly(ester ester)s belong to the family of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) and consist in general of thermo-reversible hard and elastic soft domains [11]. The copoly(ester ester) used here consists of 60% poly(butylene terephthalate), 35% poly(butylene adipate) and 5% 4,4 -methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), and shows domain sizes of about 20 nm [12]. The material possesses a rubber plateau between the glass transition temperature of the mixed amorphous PBA/PBT phase (the PBT phase is semi-crystalline) at about -30°C and the melting point of the PBT at about 220°C. Due to the vulnerability of the amorphous PBA/PBT soft domains towards water attack [13] the PBT/PBA copoly(ester ester) is used here to study the existence of ESC of a chemical rather than a physical nature. For the sake of clarity it should be emphasized that no additives have been used in the copoly(ester ester) described here. 

In the case of polyester synthesis from divinyl esters, hydrolysis of the vinyl end group partly took place, resulting in the limitation of the polymer growth.201 A mathematical model showing the kinetics of the polymerization predicts the product composition. On the basis of these data, a batch-stirred reactor was designed to minimize temperature and mass-transfer effects.202 The efficient enzymatic production of polyesters was achieved using this reactor poly(l,4-butylene adipate) with Mn 2 x 104 was synthesized in 1 h at 60 °C. 

I, 4-butanediol formed during hydrolysis of poly(butylene adipate) and poly(butylene succinate),/. Chromatogr. A, 1022(1-2), 171-177. 

NMR. The NMR spectrum of an unexposed sample of polymer A, shown In Fig. 4, Indicates that the polymer contains MDT, ethylene glycol, and poly(butylene adipate). The assignments are as shown (2), and the various sets of bands are given letter designations. Chemical shifts are Indicated as parts per million (ppm) from TMS. 

In a similar manner, we can obtain a number for the relative amount of poly(butylene adipate) present by dividing the Integral of peak g by 8 (the number of protons In the poly(butylene adipate) contributing to this resonance), that ts,... 

Metal oxide semiconductor chemical sensors in combination with MDA have been shown to be useful to estimate the oxidative stability of polypropylene during processing instead of traditional melt flow index analysis (50). An array of sensors was used to receive a detailed analysis of volatiles. At quality measurements of different poly(butylene adipate)s the use of indicator products has been proven better than analyses of the decrease in molecular weight or mass loss for early degradation detection. Adipic acid, quantified using gas chromatography, was then used as the indicator product [51]. 

Migration from PVC/Poly(butylene Adipate) Blends. 175... 

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