Lactic/glycolic acid

A., and Hower, J. F., Sustained delivery of narcotic antagonists from lactic.glycolic acid copolymer implants, in Polymeric Delivery Systems (R. J. Kostelnik, ed.), Gordon and Breach, New York, 1978, Chap. 4. 

Wise, D. Fellmann, T. Sanderson, J. Wentwotrth, R. In Lactic/Glycolic Acid Polymers, Drug Carriers in Biology and Medicine Academic Press London, 1976 pp 237-270. 

BIOCONJUGATION OF BIODEGRADABLE POLY (LACTIC/GLYCOLIC ACID) TO PROTEIN, PEPTIDE, AND ANTI-CANCER DRUG AN ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY FOR ACHIEVING CONTROLLED RELEASE FROM MICRO- AND NANOPARTICLES TAE GWAN PARK... 

Bioconjugation of Biodegradable Poly (lactic/glycolic acid) to Protein, Peptide, and Anti-Cancer Drug An Alternative Pathway for Achieving Controlled Release from Micro- and Nanoparticles... 

Makoto, M. A., Jun ichi, K., Akira, O., K. Masaru, I. The effects of drug physicochemical properties on release from copoly (lactic glycolic acid) matrix, hit. J. Pharm. 169 255-263, 1998. 

Cultures of primary cardiac myocytes (chick embryo) were formed on fibronectin patterned acrylic surfaces [198]. A microtextured PDMS chip with 20-urn-wide pegs was used to promote cell culture. After coating the PDMS chip with a thin layer of laminin, neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were cultured on it. The cultured cells are typically 50 p.m in length and 10-15 p.m in diameter. The PDMS chip was cast on a mold with parylene structures patterned on a Si wafer. Using the same mold, a poly(lactic/glycolic acid) (PLGA) chip could also be made for culture of rat cardiac fibroblasts [900]. 

As pointed out by Heller (2), polymer erosion can be controlled by the following three types of mechanisms (1) water-soluble polymers insolubilized by hydrolytically unstable cross-links (2) water-insoluble polymers solubilized by hydrolysis, ionization, or protonation of pendant groups (3) hydrophobic polymers solubilized by backbone cleavage to small water soluble molecules. These mechanisms represent extreme cases the actual erosion may occur by a combination of mechanisms. In addition to poly (lactic acid), poly (glycolic acid), and lactic/glycolic acid copolymers, other commonly used bioerodible/biodegradable polymers include polyorthoesters, polycaprolactone, polyaminoacids, polyanhydrides, and half esters of methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers (3). 

Ogawa, Y., Yamamoto, M., Okada, H., Yashiki, T., and Shimamoto, T. (1988), A new technique to efficiently entrap leuprolide acetate into microcapsules of polylactic acid or copoly(lactic/glycolic) acid, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36,1095-1103. 

Beer SJ, Matthews CB, Stein CS, Ross BD, HUfmger JM, Davidson BL (1998) Poly (lactic-glycolic) acid copolymer encapsulation of recombinant adenovirus reduces immunogenicity in vivo. Gene Ther 5 740-746. 

Cohen, S. Yoshioka, T. Lucarelli, M. Hwang, L.H. Langer, R. Controlled delivery systems for proteins based on poly(lactic/glycolic acid) microspheres. Pharm. Res. 1991, S (6), 713-720. 

Lactic glycolic acid copolymers Lupron Depot (TAP)... 

Schwope AD, Wise DL, Howes JF. Lactic/glycolic acid polymers as narcotic antagonist delivery system. Life Set 1975 17 1877—1886. 

Kitchell JP, Wise DL. Poly(lactic/glycolic acid) biodegradable drug-polymer matrix systems. Methods Enzymol 1985 112 436-448. 

PLGA (D,L)-poly(lactic glycolic acid), PEG poly(ethylene glycol), DSPC distearoyl-L-a-phosphatidylcholine, DSPG distearoyl-L-a-phosphatidylglycerol) Aerodynamic diameter, Liposome vesicle size... 

Wise DL, Fellmann TD (1979) Lactic/glycolic acid polymers. In Giegoriadis (ed) Drug carriers in medicine, vol 23. Academic Press, London... 

Ogawa Y, Okada H, Yamamoto M, Shimamoto T. In vivo release profiles of leuprolide acetate from microsphere prepared with polylactic acids or copoly(lactic/glycolic) acids and in vivo degradation of these polymers. Chem Pharm Bull 1988 36 2576-2581. 

Polymers derived from renewable resources (biopolymers) are broadly classified according to the method of production (1) Polymers directly extracted/ removed from natural materials (mainly plants) (e.g. polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose and proteins such as casein and wheat gluten), (2) polymers produced by "classical" chemical synthesis from renewable bio-derived monomers [e.g. poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and their biopolyesters polymerized from lactic/glycolic acid monomers, which are produced by fermentation of carbohydrate feedstock] and (3) polymers produced by microorganisms or genetically transformed bacteria [e.g. the polyhydroxyalkanoates, mainly poly(hydroxybutyrates) and copolymers of hydroxybutyrate (HB) and hydroxyvalerate (HV)] [4]. 

Wise, D.L., Fellmann, T.D., Sanderson, J.E., and Wentworth, R.L., 1979. Lactic/Glycolic acid polymers. In Drug Carriers in Biology and Medicine, G. Gregoriadis, Ed., pp. lil-TlQ, Academic Press, New York. 

Ogawa Y, Yamamoto M, Takada S, Okada H, Shimamoto T. Controlled-release of leuprolide acetate from polylactic acid or copoly(lactic/glycolic) acid microcapsules Influence of molecular weight and copolymer ratio of polymer. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. April 1988 36(4) 1502-1507. PubMed PMID 3138032. 

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