Aerosol Solvent Extraction Systems

Aeromonas, DNA-based biosensor, 3 807 AeroSizer, 78 150—151 Aerosol containers, 7 781-782 Aerosol dispersions, 7 774-775 Aerosol drug dosage forms, 78 717 Aerosol emulsions, 7 773, 774 Aerosol flow reactors, 77 211-212 Aerosol foams, 7 773, 774 Aerosol packaging, 7 771 Aerosol pastes, 7 775 Aerosols, 7 769-787 8 697 economic aspects, 7 786 filling, 7 785-786 formulation, 7 771-780 product concentrate, 7 772-775 propellants, 7 775-781 U.S. production, 1985-2000, 7 770t Aerosol solutions, 7 772-773 Aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES), 24 17, 18... 

Aerosol Solvent Extraction System (ASES) Here, the solution is sprayed through atomization nozzle into a chamber L lied with SCF. Expansion of solution occurs within the Lne droplets of solvent being sprayed, thus creating supersaturation and precipitation of solids as Lne particles. 

Bleich, J., Mueller, B. W., and Wassmus, W. Aerosol solvent extraction system A new microparticle production technique. Int. J. Pharm. 97 111-117, 1993. 

Key Words Dry powder inhalers (DPI) Pulmonary drug delivery Insulin Particle engineering Spray drying Liposomes Aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES) Technosphere insulin. 

In the aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES), the protein is dissolved in a compatible solvent (i.e., water or DMSO) and then introduced by atomization into supercritical CO2 (12,13). The solvent is extracted from the droplet, and the protein precipitates to form particles with appropriate sizes for pulmonary delivery (see Note 3). CO2 is then removed by venting off and the particles are collected. Insulin powders (see Note 4) made by this method possess a mean geometric diameter of 9.6 xm, and 22% of the powder was in the respirable range (0.5-6 p,m) (12). 

Engwicht, A., Girreser, U., and Muller, B. W. (1999), Critical properties of lactide-co-glycolide polymers for the use of microparticle preparation by the aerosol solvent extraction system, Int. I. Pharm., 185, 61-72. 

Recently, Bustami et al. have investigated the feasibility of the ASES (aerosol solvent extraction system) process to generate microparticles of proteins for inhalation. Protein powders generated were of particle size 100nm-500nm. In vitro performance showed 65, 40, and 20wt.% respirable fraction for lysozyme, albumin, and insulin, respectively. Little or no loss of monomer content was observed for these proteins. 

Carbon dioxide has also been investigated for its suitability in Aerosol Solvent Extraction Systems (ASES), to generate microparticles of proteins suitable for aerosol delivery from aqueous based solutions. ... 

ASES Aerosol solvent extraction system involves spraying of a polar liquid with a substrate as fine droplets into an atmosphere of compressed carbon dioxide causing precipitation of fine nanoparticles... 

Gas antisolvent processes can be performed in a semicontinuous mode. In this case the solution and the antisolvent are continuously introduced in the system until the desired amount of the product is formed. The introduction of the solution is then stopped and the DG flux extracts the residual solvent from the system. The system is then depressurized to enable collection of the product. The solution is generally introduced through an atomization nozzle that favors the prompt expansion of the solution and the formation of small particles. Different process configurations have been utilized, i.e., co- and countercurrent introduction of the solution and antisolvent fluxes and various nozzles have been designed. The process is referred to by different acronyms such as ASES (aerosol solvent extraction system), SAS (supercritical antisolvent), SEDS (solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids), PCA (precipitation with a compressed fluid antisolvent), GASR (gas antisolvent recrystallization), GASP (gas antisolvent precipitation). 

Bustami RT, Chan HK, Sweeney T, Dehghani F, and Foster NR. Generation of Fine Powders of Recombinant Human Deoxyribonuclease using the Aerosol Solvent Extraction System. Pharmaceutical Research 2003 20 2028—2035. 

PRECIPITATION WITH A COMPRESSED FLUID ANTISOLVENT (PCA), A SUPERCRITICAL ANTISOLVENT (SAS), AND THE AEROSOL SOLVENT EXTRACTION SYSTEM (ASES) PROCESSES... 

Dozens of drugs have been recrystallized by means of the precipitation with a compressed fluid antisolvent (PCA) and the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) and aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES) processes. 

Abbreviations ASES, aerosol solvent extraction system BSA, bovine serum albumin PCA, precipitation with compressed antisolvent PLA, polylactic acid PLGA poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate) PPG, poly(propylene glycol) RESS, rapid expansion of supercritical solution TFE, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. 

Abbreviations A, acetone ASES, aerosol solvent extraction system DM, dichloromethane DMF, A/,A/-dimethyl-formamide E, ethanol GAS, gas antisolvent process H, hexane HYAFF-11, hyaluronic acid benzylic ester I, isopropanol PAN, polyacrylonitrile PCA, precipitation with compressed antisolvent PCL, polycaprolactone PHB, poly(p-hydroxybutyric acid) PLA, polylactic acid PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) SAS, supercritical antisolvent process SEDS, solution enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids TFE, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol Triblock polymer, p poly(L-lactide-CO-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)(62.5 1 2.5 25). 

Ruchatz F, Kleinebudde P, Muller BW. Residual solvents in biodegradable microparticles. Influence of process parameters on the residual solvent in microparticles produced by the aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES) process. J Pharm Sci 1997 86 101-105. 

Currently, there exist numerous antisolvent processes based on SCF CO2. These include, in alphabetical order, ASES (aerosol solvent extraction system) (70), GAS (gas antisolvent) (71), PCA (precipitation using a compressed antisolvent) (72), SAS (supercritical antisolvent) (67), SAS-EM... 

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