Phenolsulfonic acid

An electrorefining plant may operate with either an acid or an alkaline bath. The acid bath contains stannous sulfate, cresolsulfonic or phenolsulfonic acids (to retard the oxidation of the stannous tin in the solution), and free sulfuric acid with P-naphthol and glue as addition agents to prevent tree-like deposits on the cathode which may short-circuit the cells. The concentration of these addition agents must be carefliUy controlled. The acid electrolyte operates at room temperature with a current density of ca 86—108 A/m, cell voltage of 0.3 V, and an efficiency of 85%. Anodes (95 wt % tin) have a life of 21 d, whereas the cathode sheets have a life of 7 d. Anode slimes may be a problem if the lead content of the anodes is high the anodes are removed at frequent intervals and scmbbed with revolving bmshes to remove the slime (7). 

Carbol Schwefelsaure, /. iPharm.) sulfocarbolic acid, sulfophenic acid (p-phenolsulfonic acid.), -seife, /. carbolic soap. -suifosMure, /. = Carbolschwefelsaure. vergiftung, /. carbolic acid poisoning. wasser, n. aqueous solution of phenol, -watte, /. carbolized cotton wool. 

Dinitrophenolsulfonic A cid (2,6 -Dinit ro -phenolsulfonsaure-(4) inGer). Yellowish crysts mp, with 3H20, about 111° can be prepd by the nitration of p-phenolsulfonic acid. Forms numerous metallic salts... 

TrinitrophenolsulfonicAcid [2,4,6-Trinit ro-phenolsulfonsaure-(3) in Ger] <02N)3C6H(0H)-S03H, mw 309.18, N 13.59%, crysts can be prepd by heating m-phenolsulfonic acid with coned nitric acid sol in w. Forms expl metallic salts, such as ... 

Resole resins are generally crosslinked under neutral conditions between 130 and 200° C or in the presence of an acid catalyst such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and phenolsulfonic acid under ambient conditions.3 The mechanisms for crosslinking under acidic conditions are similar to acid-catalyzed novolac formation. Quinone methides are the key reaction intermediates. Further condensation reactions in resole resin syntheses under basic conditions at elevated temperatures also lead to crosslinking. 

Quinone may be prepared by the oxidation of aniline with dichromate or manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid.1 This is a more feasible commercial method than the one given. However, the oxidation of hydroquinone is more rapid and convenient and, hence is more desirable for use in the laboratory. Various materials have been oxidized by chemical means to give quinone they are quinic acid,2 hydroquinone,3 benzidine,4 -phenylene-diamine,5 sulfanilic acid,6 / -phenolsulfonic acid,7 arbutin,8 aniline black,9 and the leaves of various plants.10 Quinone is also formed by several other methods by the fermentation of fresh grass 11 by the action of iodine on the lead salt of hydroquin-... 

Uses Antiseptic and disinfectant pharmaceuticals dyes indicators slimicide phenolic resins epoxy resins (bisphenol-A) nylon-6 (caprolactum) 2,4-D solvent for refining lubricating oils preparation of adipic acid, salicylic acid, phenolphthalein, pentachlorophenol, acetophenetidin, picric acid, anisole, phenoxyacetic acid, phenyl benzoate, 2-phenolsulfonic acid, 4-phenolsulfonic acid, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, 4-bromophenol, 4-/ert-butylphenol, salicylaldehyde, and many other organic compounds germicidal paints laboratory reagent. 

To the crude mixture of ammonium bromide and /3-bromo-propionic acid, prepared as described on p. 25, from 317 g. of ethylene cyanohydrin, are added 1200 cc. of carbon tetrachloride and 200 cc. of the same solvent which has been shaken with the aqueous distillates the ammonium bromide is filtered off and washed with 200 cc. of carbon tetrachloride. The watery layer, amounting to about 350 cc., is separated and shaken with 100 cc. of carbon tetrachloride. To the united carbon tetrachloride solutions are added 450 cc. of 95 per cent ethyl alcohol and 10 g. of sulfosalicylic acid or phenolsulfonic acid to act as a catalyst (Note 1). 

Phenolic There are various kinds of phenolic resins. The ones that are produced from phenol-formaldehyde condensation are veiy weak acid exchangers, where the phenolic -OH groups are the fixed-ionic groups. The formaldehyde content decides the extent of cross-linking in the resin. On the other hand, phenolsulfonic acid resins contain both strong acid -S03H and weak acid -OH groups. 

They heated a solution of D-glucose with a phenolsulfonic acid resin at 70° for 72 hours. A complex mixture of oligo- and poly-saccharides was formed, from which gentiobiose was isolated. Laminaribiose was produced by the action of a cation-exchange resin on D-glucose.142... 

The measurements were made at a homogeneous gel membrane, a condensation product of phenolsulfonic-acid and formaldehyde, with the ion pairs Na+/H+, Na+/K+ and Na+/Sr++. 

In homogeneous ion-exchange membranes the fixed-charged groups are evenly distributed over the entire membrane polymer matrix. Homogeneous membranes can be produced, for example, by polymerization or polycondensation of functional monomers such as phenolsulfonic acid, or by functionalizing a polymer such as polysulfone dissolved in an appropriate solvent by sulfonation. 

As a base of proton conducting membrane polyvinyl alcohol (PVS) and phenolsulfonic acid (PSA) was synthesized [9]. Membrane is rendered on a surface of a catalytic layer and dries up at room temperature. As shown in [9], at ratio PVS PSA=4 1 the membrane surpasses widely used in PEMFC membranes on the Nafion basis. Besides, experimental data testily that the solution can successfully be used as a connecting element for the anode and the cathode bonding at FC assembly. 

Liquefaction of untreated wood can also be achieved at a lower temperature of 150°C and at atmospheric pressure in the presence of a catalyst [12]. Phenolsulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid were used as catalysts. In this acid catalyst method, phenols and polyhydric alcohols can also be used for the coexisting organic solvents. Phenol, cresol, bisphenol A and F, and so forth are successfully adoptable as the phenols. Polyethylene glycols, polyether polyols (epoxide additionally reacted polyether polyol, polyethylene terephthalate polyol) have been found to liquify wood resulting in polyol solutions [13]. Liquefaction of wood in the presence of -caprolactone, glycerin, and sulfuric acid has also been accomplished. It was confirmed in this case that liquefaction and polymerization, the latter of which produces polycaprolactone, take place in the reaction system at the same time [14]. Besides the wood material, it has become apparent that trunk and coconut parts of palm, barks, bagasse, coffee bean wastes, and used OA papers can also be liquified [15]. 

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