Wood, material

Wood material Volatile matter Fixed carbon Ash C H O N S HHV, " MT/kg... 

Wood preservatives ate appHed either from an oil system, such as creosote, petroleum solutions of pentachlorophenol, or copper naphthanate, or a water system. Oil treatments ate relatively inert with wood material, and thus, have Htde effect on mechanical properties. However, most oil treatments require simultaneous thermal treatments, which ate specifically limited in treating standards to preclude strength losses (24). 

A qualitative comparison of the results from the gas chromatography - mass spectrometer study of the different hydrocarbons from the wood materials, did not show significant differences between results from one method to the other. As far as can be judged it is mainly the amount of each component that differs between the small scale test methods and full scale fire tests. 

The insulation was 3.5-in.- (90-mm-) thick, unfaced, glass-fiber insulation (friction-fit). Walls with insulation also had a 4-mil clear polyethylene vapor barrier on their interior side. All wood and gypsum materials were conditioned at 23°C and 50 percent relative humidity, resulting in moisture content of 9 to 10 percent in wood materials. Figure 1 is a diagram of the wall frame construction. The hardboard siding was on the exterior side of the 5/8-in. (16-mm) plywood (not shown). 

Wakita, H., Onishi, H., Jodai, S. and Goto, T. (1977). Studies on the improvement of wood materials. XVIII. Vapor phase reaction of 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate in wood. Zairo, 26(284), 460 64. 

Biomass includes 60% wood and 40% non-wood materials. The conversion of wood into biofuels andbiochemicals is technically feasible. Wood valorization processes include fractionation, liquefaction, pyrolysis, hydrolysis, fermentation and gasification. 

Solid wood material is built up of two major organic polymers (macro molecules) (1) polysaccharides and (2) polyphenylpropane [61,62], The polysaccharides consist of two groups - cellulose and hemicellulose, and make up around 65-75 % of the wood on dry basis. The polyphenylpropanes are more commonly termed lignins and constitute around 18-35 % of the wood on dry basis. In Table 9 we can see that wood fuels consist of extractives, minerals, and nitrogen as well. The chemical composition of wood of Sweden s most commonly wood species [63], the spruce, the pine and the birch are different, see Table 9. 

Figure 2 shows that delignification reaches a maximum of 8% after 4 h of heating. Prolonged heating caused a redeposition of lignins on the wood material. 

As heating with buffer solution was found preferentially to dissolve hydrophilic molecules, an attempt was made to delignify by heating wood meal successively with buffer and with a buffer-dioxane mixture. Figure 8 shows that heating with buffer resulted in a maximum delignification of about 8% after 8 h, at which point some of the dissolved lignin was redeposited on the wood material. 

The property of a wood material or assembly to resist the penetration of fire or to continue to perform a given structural function, or both, is commonly termed fire resistance. The measure of elapsed time that a material or assembly will exhibit fire resistance under the specified conditions of test and performance is called fire endurance. Large furnaces are used to measure fire endurance of walls, floors, roofs, doors, columns, and beams under the standard ASTM E119 (30) time-temperature exposure conditions. 

The common raw materials of particleboard are wood, adhesive, and wax emulsion. High quality particleboard at the optimum production rate demands continuous monitoring of the wood material to determine when adjustments should be made in the process or the adhesive. Monitoring of the adhesive and wax emulsion quality is a critical, but often ignored, factor in particleboard manufacture. 

Plywood construction refers to the composition of the inner plies or layers. The faces are usually always veneer but the cores may consist of four different types of wood materials all inner plies of (1) wood veneer ... 

The above results shown in Figs. 12 and 13 can be discussed in connection with the application of the thermoplasticized wood. The thermoplasticized wood can be used as material for molding, and as one way of utilization, can be used as blend composites with synthetic polymers. If this blending is made by grafting as shown above, two benefits can at least be pointed out (a) the thermoplasticity of wood materials is enhanced. (Better results can be obtained with esterified wood.) (b) the compatibility of the plasticized wood with synthetic polymers increases by the grafting. These factors are considered to be advantageous for preparing molded composites with excellent final properties. 

Uses Pentachlorophenol is covered by the USEPA under RUP for preservation of wood material and as a GUP for other purposes.14,48 PCP was one of the most heavily used pesticides in the United States. Now, only certified applicators can purchase and use PCP. It is still used in industry as a wood preservative for... 

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