Polyacrylonitrile polypropylene

Porous membranes can be made of polymers (polysulfones, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, silicones, perfluoropolymers, polyimides, polyamides, etc.), ceramics (alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, zeolites, etc.) or microporous carbons. Dense organic membranes are commonly used for molecular-scale separations involving gas and vapor mixtures, whereas the mean pore sizes of porous membranes is chosen considering the size of the species to be separated. Current membrane processes include microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), gas and vapor separation (GS), and pervaporation (PV). Figure 1 indicates the types and sizes of species typically separated by these different separation processes. 

Man-made fibres.ThesQdo Qtiihexsynthetic (nylon, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, aramide, etc.) or cellulosics (viscose, cellulose acetate). They are available in the form of continuous yarns (filament, filament yarn) or staple fibres. Inorganic fibres as glass and carbon are also man-made fibres. 

Star- (polyacrylonitrile polypropylene) (Mr 10000 25000) A star polymer containing polyacrylonitrile arms of MW 10000 and polypropylene arms of MW 25000... 

Other Films. Although commercially less important than polyethylenes and polypropylenes, a number of other plastic films are in commercial use or development for special appHcations, including ethylene—vinyl acetate, ionomer, and polyacrylonitrile [25014-41-9]. 

Carbon Cha.in Backbone Polymers. These polymers may be represented by (4) and considered derivatives of polyethylene, where n is the degree of polymeriza tion and R is (an alkyl group or) a functional group hydrogen (polyethylene), methyl (polypropylene), carboxyl (poly(acryhc acid)), chlorine (poly(vinyl chloride)), phenyl (polystyrene) hydroxyl (poly(vinyl alcohol)), ester (poly(vinyl acetate)), nitrile (polyacrylonitrile), vinyl (polybutadiene), etc. The functional groups and the molecular weight of the polymers, control thek properties which vary in hydrophobicity, solubiUty characteristics, glass-transition temperature, and crystallinity. 

In fiber—cement constmction materials, several alternatives are being practiced, either using ceUulosic fibrous products or synthetic organic fibers such as polypropylene or polyacrylonitrile. 

LDPE = low density polyethylene LLDPE = linear low density polyethylene HDPE = high density polyethylene PP = polypropylene PVC = polyvinyl chloride PS = polystyrene ABS = polyacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. 

Figure 1. Temperature variation of the conductivity for a cross-section of polymer electrolytes. PESc, poly (ethylene succinate) PEO, polyethylene oxide) PPO, polypropylene oxide) PEI, poly(ethyleneimine) MEEP, poly(methoxyethoxy-ethoxyphosphazene) aPEO, amorphous methoxy-linked PEO PAN, polyacrylonitrile PC, propylene carbonate EC, ethylene carbonate.

Polyacetal Polyacrylamide Polyacrylonitrile Polycarbonate Polyethylene Polyethylene oxide Polyethylene terephthalate Poly isobutyl methacrylate Poly methacrylic acid Polymethyl methacrylate Polymonochlorotrifluoro ethylene Polypropylene Polystyrene... 

Vinyl polymers [polystyrene, PVC, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl alcohol), polyacrylonitrile] -1920 Packaging, tubing, household goods, records, carpets, toys, water based paint, adhesives, varnishes Phthalate esters, poly(vinyl alcohol) ... 

Most of the polymers are better known by their trivial names or trade names. Polymers prepared from single polymers are denoted by prefixing poly- to the name of the monomer, e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, etc. If the monomer has substituents or has a multi-worded name, the name of the monomer is enclosed in parenthesis after the prefix poly-, e.g., poly (methyl methacrylate), poly (vinyl alcohol), etc. Condensation polymers like that derived from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid are named as poly (ethylene terephthalate). 

P.R.170 is not always heat stable enough to allow application in polyolefins. In HDPE systems formulated at 1/3 SD, the pigment tolerates exposure to 220 to 240°C for one minute. Its tinctorial strength, on the other hand, is excellent. P.R.170 is also occasionally used in polypropylene and polyacrylonitrile spin dyeing in the latter medium, it satisfies the specifications of the clothing and home textiles industries. Besides, P.R.170 lends color to viscose rayon and viscose cellulose it is used for the mass coloration of semisynthetic fibers made of cellulose last but not least, it colors yarns, fibers, and films made of secondary acetate. 

Various benzimidazolone pigments are heat stable enough to be used in polypropylene spin dyeing. Several types find extensive use in the spin dyeing of other fibers, such as polyacrylonitrile, viscose reyon, and vicose cellulose, or secondary acetate. 

P.R.176 provides very lightfast polyacrylonitrile spin dyeing products. The samples equal step 6-7 on the Blue Scale. Dry and wet crocking may affect the objects to a certain extent. P.R.176 is also used in polypropylene spin dyeing, especially for coarse textiles, such as carpet fibers, split fibers, filaments, bristles, or tape, but also for finer denier yams. A special pigment preparation for this purpose is commercially available. 1/3 SD samples tolerate exposure to up to 300°C for one minute or up to 290°C for 5 minutes. In terms of lightfastness, 0.1% colorations equal step 5-6 on the Blue Scale, while 2% samples match step 7. 

P.Y.110 lends color to polystyrene and styrene containing plastics. It is a suitable candidate for unsaturated polyester and other cast resins, as well as for polyurethane. P.Y.110 is used to an appreciable extent in polypropylene spin dyeing, it is very lightfast in this medium. It is utilized in polyacrylonitrile spin dyeing and sometimes also in polyamide. Its fastness properties, however, especially its lightfastness, do not meet special application conditions (Sec. 1.8.3.8). 

P.B.15 3, like stabilized a-Copper Phthalocyanine Blue, markedly affects the hardening of unsaturated polyester cast resins. The list of applications also includes PUR foam materials, office articles, such as colored pencils, wax crayons, and water colors, as well as spin dyeing of polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, secondary acetate, polyamide, polyester, and viscose. Used in polyester spin dyeing, P.B.15 3 satisfies the thermal requirements of the condensation process (Sec. 1.8.3.8). 1/3 and 1/25 SD samples equal step 7-8 on the Blue Scale for lightfastness. Textile fastnesses, such as stability to wet and dry crocking are perfect. 

Apart from paints, P.R.224 is also used in polyacrylonitrile spin dyeing. Application in the spin dyeing of polypropylene is compromised by the fact that medium to high pigment concentrations accelerate the degradative action of light on HALS stabilizers (Sec. 3.4.1.4). 

Among the plastics suitable for blow moulding are polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polyacrylonitrile, thermoplastic polyesters, polycarbonates... 

Polyacrylonitrile Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl methacrylate) Polypropylene Polystyrene... 

PBDEs are used in different resins, polymers, and substrates at levels ranging from 5 to 30% by weight (EU 2001). Plastic materials that utilize PBDEs as flame retardants include ABS polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polyamide(PA) polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) polyethylene (PE) cross-linked polyethylene (XPE) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polypropylene (PP) polystyrene (PS) high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polyurethane (PUR) and unsaturated polyester (UPE). These polymers and examples of their final products are summarized inTable 5-2 (Hardy 2002 WHO 1994a). 

ABS = Acrylonitrile Butadene Styrene PA = Polyamide PAN = Polyacrylonitrile PBT = Polybbutylene Terephthalate PE= Polyethylene PET = Polyethylene Terephthalate PP = Polypropylene PUR = Polyirethane PVC = Polyvinyl chloride UPE = Un saturated polyester XPE = Cross-linked polyethylene ... 

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