Filament yarn

In 1994, the proportion of PET fibers in the world production of synthetic fibers was 62.9% and of chemical fibers was 55.3%, while in the total volume of all kinds of fibers it was 27.4%. Out of PET fibers presently produced, 38% are staple fibers and 52.5% are filament yarns, with a marked tendency toward an increase in the latter. A 55% proportion is anticipated in the year 2000, At present, about 75% of PET fibers are used for textile purposes and 25% for nontextile purposes. 

This dynamic increase in production was accompanied by the qualitative development of PET fibers, which manifested itself in the widening of assortment of the fibers being produced (e.g., staple microfibers and filament yarns of the POY, MOY, FOY, and HOY type) and in the manufacture of second-generation fibers on... 

Phototendering of PET and PET-co-4,4 -BPDC Filament Yarns. Both "P T homopolymer and PET-co-4,4 -BPDC copolymers were irradiated from 20 to 80 hours in the photolysis chamber. In order to account for the lamp aging, the phototendering rate curves were plotted as percent loss tenacity versus total quanta/cm2 of exposure, rather than irradiation time. The phototendering rate curves for the homopolymer PET and PET-co-4,4 -BPDC copolymers show that all the samples became weaker and showed a decrease in percent elongation to break as total quanta/cm of exposure was increased (Figure 21). 

Acrylic filament yarns, 11 212 Acrylic flame-resistant fibers, 11 214 Acrylic-GMA powder coatings, 10 447,... 

Antimicrobial acrylic fibers, 11 215-219 Antimicrobial agents, 12 31. See also Antimicrobial compounds in continuous-filament yarns, 19 758 as preservatives, 12 57-59 silylating agents and, 22 700 as soap bar additives, 22 746 sulfonamides as, 23 494 Antimicrobial compounds, microbiological methods for determining, 20 132 Antimicrobial nanoemulsion technology, 3 630-631... 

Filament winding, 26 767, 768 of thermosetting resins, 19 558 Filament-winding resin-impregnated glass rovings, 20 117 Filament yarns, 11 250 acrylic, 11 212 Filiform corrosion, 7 174 Filled fibers, encapsulation spinning of, 16 26... 

Spinnerets, for olefin fiber extrusion, 22 627, 630-631, 11 231-232 Spinner flasks, 15 691-692 Spinning. See also Solution spinning Yarn spinning technologies air gap, 11 209 of continuous-filament yarns,... 

More akin to silk yarns, continuous filament POY produces lighter fabrics, typically of 100 % PET. Such yarns have provided a fertile field for imaginative engineering of cross-sectional shapes, fiber sizes and combinations of color and texture. An entire field of specialty filament yarns known as Shingosen has been developed in Japan, providing novel and luxurious fabrics that cannot be duplicated with natural fibers. 

Figure 12.17 Photomicrograph of tricot knitfabric, made from core/sheath (C/S) bico filament yarn and thermally fused after knitting. Photograph reproduced by permission of KoSa Corporation...

ISO 11567 1995 Carbon fibre - Determination of filament diameter and cross-sectional area ISO 13002 1998 Carbon fibre - Designation system for filament yarns... 

The two main classes of polyester fibers are continuous-filament yarns and short-cut fibers, called staple. A wide range of deniers is available in continuous-filament yarns, varying from very fine deniers of about 20 up... 

Polypropylenes are available as molding powder, extruded sheet, cast film, textile staple, and continuous-filament yarn. They find use in packaging film molded parts for automobiles, appliances, and housewares wire and cable coating food container closures bottles, printing plates carpet and upholstery fibers storage battery cases crates for soft-drink bottles laboratory ware trays fish nets surgical casts and a variety of other applications. 

Basic yarn components along with conventional filaments/yarns constitute the feedstock of the weaving process. Selectively fed into a loom and manipulated through an advanced textile manufacturing process, this feedstock can be woven into a complex variety of designs that result in a structurally sound, environmentally compatible fabric that provides electrical and mechanical functionality. Electronic circuits can be formed from the selective interconnection of fibre components during the weaving process. 

Theoretical values of the effective thermal conductivity of polyester fabrics (6J (estimated by an expression developed for fibers placed in parallel with each other surrounded by a known amount of air and vice versa) agreed well with line heat source measurements of the thermal conductivity of fabrics varying in thickness, construction, and fiber content (7.). These results also indicate that the thermal conductivity of fabrics in directions parallel to the surface is greater than that perpendicular to the surface, especially for filament yarn the thermal conductivity of woven fabrics in directions parallel to the warp yarns, which were arranged more closely, was greater than in directions parallel to the filling yarns (7.) ... 

Polyester. The most common polyester in use is derived from the homopolymer poly (ethylene terephthalate). Many types of this fiber contain a delustrant, usually titanium dioxide. Optically brightened polymers are quite common. The optical brightener, such as specially stabilized derivatives of either stilbenes or phenylcoumarins, can be added to the polyester before formation of the fiber (107). Some commercial fibers contain minor amounts of copolymerized modifier to confer such properties as basic dyeability. A wide range of polyester fibers is used for consumer end-uses. Both staple fiber and filament yarn are available. Filament yarns with noncircular cross-sections are made (107). 

Fig. 12.2. Force-elongation curves of manufactured textile continuous-filament yarns at standard conditions of 70°F and 65 percent relative humidity.

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