Staple fibres

C. R. Woodings, "The Hydroentanglement of a Range of Staple Fibres," Proceedings of the IMPACT89 Nomvovens Conference, Miller Freeman Pubhcations, Amelia Island, Fla., 1989. 

Spandex fibres, because of their higher modulus, tensile strength and resistance to oxidation, as well as their ability to be produced at finer deniers, have made severe inroads into the natural rubber latex thread market. They have also enabled lighter weight garments to be produced. Staple fibre blends with non-elastic fibres have also been introduced. 

Other uses of HCI are legion and range from the purification of fine silica for the ceramics industry, and the refining of oils, fats and waxes, to the manufacture of chloroprene mbbers, PVC plastics, industrial solvents and organic intermediates, the production of viscose rayon yam and staple fibre, and the wet processing of textiles (where hydrochloric acid is used as a sour to neutralize residual alkali and remove metallic and other impurities). 

Often used nowadays in the sense of textile material, e.g., natural fibre, man-made fibre, but correctly it refers to the comparatively short thread (staple fibre) of natural textiles. A fibre is fine, flexible, and very long in relation to its thickness. 

A fabric made by uniting a mass of staple fibres into a continuous sheet by using the adhesive properties of a bonding agent, usually rubber latex, either natural or synthetic. In textile technology the term is applied to fabrics which are not woven, such as felted fabrics. Non-woven fabrics are now being termed bonded fabrics. 

Man-made fibres produced as continuous filaments and then cut into short lengths to match those of some natural fibres such as cotton or wool. The staple of cotton, wool, staple fibre, etc., is an indication of the average fibre length. Stark Rubber... 

The coiling together of textile staple fibres, yams or threads to give the structure the required degree of strength, extensibility, flex resistance, etc. Twist is designated as so many turns per inch and either right hand (Z) or left hand (S). See S-Twist and Z-Twist. 

Filament yams can exist in an almost twistless form, but this is not the case for staple fibre yams. The twisting of fibres together is still the most practical method of making short fibres into long continuous strands of yam suitable for weaving. See S-Twist and Z-Twist. 

Alceru A process for making cellulosic filaments and staple fibres. The cellulose is first dissolved in an aqueous solution of N-methylamine-N-oxide. Developed by Zimmer (Frankfurt) and TITK (Rudolstadt) from 1987. A pilot plant was expected to be built by April... 

Carbacell [Carbamate cellulose] A process for making rayon filament and staple fibre. Cellulose is reacted with urea in an inert organic solvent at a high temperature to yield cellulose carbamate. This process avoids the environmental problems caused by carbon disulfide in the viscose process. Developed by Zimmer in the 1990s and piloted in Germany and Poland. Commercialization is expected by 1999. 

The total PET world production capacity amounted to 30 megatonnes per year (Mt/y) in the year 2000. This total production includes 8.5Mt/y of packaging resins, comprising 93 % of bottle-grade PET and 7 % of film-grade PET. The staple fibre and textile filament capacities have been 9.1 Mt/y and 11.1 Mt/y, respectively, while the industrial yarn capacity has been 1.2 Mt/y. Typical plant capacities are 240-600 t/d for bottle resin production, 100-200 t/d for staple fibres and 100-300 t/d for filament-spinning textile grades. Batch plants for the production of industrial yams have typical capacities of 20-40 t/d [2],... 

ICI Co. uses a sol-gel method to produce silica-stabilized alumina (Saffil) and calcia-stabilized zirconia fibre [15], The saffil fibre is a 8-alumina short staple fibre that has about 4% Si02 and a very fine diameter (3 pm). 

Hunlich, R. (1939). Textile Fibres and Materials Their Properties and Identification with Special Reference to Rayon and Staple Fibre. London Skinner. 

Fig. 1. Kinetic curves of styrene absorption. Curve 1 viscose staple fibre, curve 2 cotton, curve 3 graft copolymer of viscose staple fibre and polystyrene, composition 86.1% 13.9%, curve 4 graft copolymer of cotton and polystyrene, composition 84.8% 15.2%, curve 5 grafted polystyrene isolated from the copolymer with staple fibre, curve 6 grafted polystyrene isolated from the copolymer with cotton absorption conditions [St] -1%, M-25, emulsifier concentration 0.2%, temperature - 65°...

The use of reversible redox systems as initiators allows to intensify the periodic grafting process66,86 and to develop a continuous technology for the synthesis of modified fibres. For instance, when using such systems, the rate of AN grafting to viscose staple fibre (Table 5) may be as high as 70% PAN of the cellulose mass per minute. 

Fibrous anion exchangers were prepared from polypropylene staple fibres 22 mcm in diameter by radiation grafting of polystyrene followed by chloromethylation and amination of the grafted polymer. The grafting was... 

Staple fibre for chemically bonded insulating mats is manufactured by gaseous attenuation from a rotating spinner provided with nozzles around its circumference. 

Polyester/long-staple fibres are used in the linen industry, where yams may be of either the stretch broken or unbroken type, but more commonly of the latter. The linen component of the blend may be of bleached or unbleached fibre and yams spun from unbleached fibre may be bleached before weaving. Most fabrics in this blend are woven on sized (singles) warps. Unmodified warp sizes are removed by enzyme treatment and non-cellulosic matter is removed by an alkaline scour. 

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