Plant tissue culture applications

Fujita Y (1990) The production of industrial compounds. In Bhojwani SS (ed) Plant tissue culture applications and limitations. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 259-275 Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K (1986) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res 50 151-158 Goldmann A, Milat M-L, Ducrot P-H, Lallemand J-Y, Maille M, Lepingle A, Charpin I, Tepfer D (1990) Tropane derivatives from Calystegia sepium. Phytochemistry 29 2125-2127... 

Fujita, Y. In Plant Tissue Culture Applications and Limitations Bhojwani, S. S., Ed. Elsevier Amsterdam, 1990 pp359-275. 

Wagner F, Vogelmann H (1977) In Barz W, Reinhard E, Zenk MH (eds) Plant tissue culture and its biotechnological applications. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 85... 

M. Tabata, in Plant Tissue Culture and Its Biotechnological Application (W. Here, E. Reinhard, and M. H. Zenk, eds.), pp. 3-16. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1977. 

In this review, we focus on the use of plant tissue culture to produce foreign proteins that have direct commercial or medical applications. The development of large-scale plant tissue culture systems for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins requires efficient, high-level expression of stable, biologically active products. To minimize the cost of protein recovery and purification, it is preferable that the expression system releases the product in a form that can be harvested from the culture medium. In addition, the relevant bioprocessing issues associated with bioreactor culture of plant cells and tissues must be addressed. 

As indicated in Table 2.1, most of the promoters used in plant tissue culture have been based on the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. In contrast, inducible promoters have the advantage of allowing foreign proteins to be expressed at a time that is most conducive to protein accumulation and stability. Although a considerable number of inducible promoters has been developed and used in plant culture applications, e.g. [32-37], the only one to be applied thus far for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins is the rice a-amylase promoter. This promoter controls the production of an a-amylase isozyme that is one of the most abundant proteins secreted from cultured rice cells after sucrose starvation. The rice a-amylase promoter has been used for expression of hGM-CSF [10], aranti-trypsin [12, 29, 38, 39] and human lysozyme [30]. 

Sanderman, H. Diesperger, H. Scheel, D. In "Plant Tissue Culture and Its Biotechnological Applications" Barz, W. Reinhard, E. Zenk, M.H., Eds. Springer-Verlag New York, 1977 ... 

The induction of PAL activity at the onset of vascular differentiation can be shown by the use of plant tissue cultures (37-39). Xylem cells with secondary and lignified walls are differentiated over a time course of 3-14 days by the application of the plant growth factors naphthylene acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin in the ratio 5 1 (1.0 mg/liter NAA, 0.2 mg/liter kinetin) to tissue cultures of bean cells (Phaseolus vulgaris) (37,40). The time for differentiation varies with the type of culture, solid or suspension, and with the frequency and duration of subculture, but for any one culture it is relatively constant (37,41,42). At the time of differentiation when the xylem vessels form, the activity of PAL rises to a maximum. The rising phase of the enzyme activity was inhibited by actinomycin D and by D-2,4-(4-methyl-2,6-dinitroanilino)-N-methylpropionamide (MDMP) applied under carefully controlled conditions (42). This indicated that both transcription and translation were necessary for the response to the hormones. Experiments using an antibody for PAL and a cDNA probe for the PAL-mRNA have also shown that there is an increase in the amount of transcript for PAL during the formation of lignin when Zinnia mesophyll cells are induced to form xylem elements in culture (Lin and Northcote, unpublished work). 

Weiler, E.W. In "Plant tissue culture and its biotechnological application" Ed. by W. Barz, E. Reinhard, M.H. Zenk Springer New York, 1977 266. 

Wagner, F., Vogelmann, H., in Plant Tissue Culture and its Biotechnological Applications, (eds.) W. Barz, E. Reinhard, M. H. Zenk, p. 245, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, Springer 1977... 

In addition to the isolation of steroid raw materials from whole plants, plant tissue cultures have been investigated as an alternative source of these steroids. Despite many advances (128), there are no industrial applications of plant cell cultures for the production of steroids (129,130). 

Plant tissue culture technique is one of the promising tools to ensure sustainable use of plant resources. There are three main strategies used in the biotechnological application of medicinal plants. The first is micropropagation for mass production of nurseries, the second is synthetic/artificial production of secondary metabolites of medicinal value and the third is molecular breeding for crop improvement. 

Stockigt. J.. Ries. B. In Plant Tissue Culture and It s Biotechnological Applications. Barz. W.. Reinhard. E.. Zenk. 

Nwe N, Furuike T, Tamraa H (2010) Production of fungal chitosan by enzymatic method and applications in plant tissue culture and tissue engineering 11 years of our progress, present situation and future prospects. In Elnashar M (ed) Biopolymers, SCIYO Rijeka, chapter 7, pp 135-162... 

Tabata M (1977) In "Plant Tissue Culture ami Its Biotechnological Application" (Barz W et al., eds.), Spring-Verlat, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, pp.3-16. 

The importance of bioconversions in the industrial production of steroids has been reviewed ° and other reviews on the applications of microbial transformations have appeared.Biotransformations by plant tissue cultures and the application of mathematical models to optimization of fermentation have been reviewed. 

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