Chitosan fungal

Khairullin R. M. Yusupova Z. R. Maksimov 1. V. (2000) Protective responses of wheat treated with fungal pathogens 1. Interaction of wheat anionic peroxidases s with chitin, chitosan, and thelyospores of Tilletia caries / / Rus. J of plant physiology. V. 47. N. 1. P. 97-102. 

Because the biological properties of chitosan are dependent on its physico-chemical properties such as molecular weight (MW) and degree of deacetylation (DD), uniform physico-chemical properties are a prerequisite to specific industrial applications. As an alternative method, fermentation technology for chitosan preparation from fungal cell walls has received much attention as an eco-friendly pathway. Rane and... 

Suntornsuk, W., Pochanavanich, P., and Suntomsuk, L. (2002). Fungal chitosan production on food processing by-products. Proc. Biochem. 1, 727-729. 

Tajdini, F., Ali Amini, M., Nafissi-Varcheh, N., and Ali Faramarzi, M. (2010). Production, physiochemical and antimicrobial properties of fungal chitosan from Rhizomucor miehei and Mucor racemosus. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 47,180-183. 

Chitin. Like cellulose synthase, fungal chitin synthases are present in the plasma membrane and extrude microfibrils of chitin to the outside.147 150 In the fungus Mucor the majority of the chitin synthesized later has its N-acetyl groups removed hydrolytically to form the deacetylated polymer chitosan.151152 Chitin is also a major component of insect exoskeletons. For this reason, chitin synthase is an appropriate target enzyme for design of synthetic insecticides.153... 

The fungal order mucorales contains chitosan as a cell wall component. Absidia coerulea a member of this class is readily cultured on nutrients (e.g., glucose or molasses) and the cell wall material recovered by simple chemical procedures... 

The use of elicitors can significantly enhance the production of metabolites. The elicitors are divided mainly in two groups. The biotic elicitors which are compounds of biological origin (e.g. fungal spores, fungal cell wall fractions, cellulase, chitosane) and the abiotic elicitors which include metal ions, high salt concentrations, UV radiations, sonication. Treatment of Hyoscyamus muticus hairy roots with 50-500 jig/ml of chitosane resulted in a 5-fold increase in the accumulation of hyoscyamine [84]. Similar results were obtained by Halperin and Flores [85] who obtained, with hairy roots of the same species, hyoscyamine up to 6-fold when elicited with mannitol. 

Chitosan, an important structural component of several fungi cell walls, is a liner p-(l,4)-glucosamine polymer produced by deacetylation of chitin and was reported to be the most active ingredient contained within fungal cell walls [19]. It was convincingly demonstrated that chitosan had a potential dual role inducing... 

---