Planned independent requirement

Material flow and resource allocation can be defined by time, duration, type and quantity in the planning model. They describe a definite (by best current knowledge) change of the planning model in the future. In addition to this there are a number of fuzzy information data that have to be included in the planning model but are only weak assumptions about the future planning situation. These include, e.g., planned orders and planned independent requirements. 

Planned orders are place holders for process orders that have yet to be checked for planning feasibility by detailed scheduling. In a hierarchical planning model they are interpreted as a hint to the details planner that they should create and schedule a process order. They are often the result of an automated MRP (material requirements planning) run that is based on planned independent requirements and does not consider resource capacities. 

A planned independent requirement is a planned requirement quantity for a product for a certain period of time. It is not necessarily created on the basis of any customer requirement. 

Planned independent requirements give the impression of a defined cross-scope material flow (i.e., a flow with a possible target outside of the organizational unit considered) at a given time with a given quantity but in most cases they are only based on a rough monthly sales demand forecast figure for the finished product. This means that the requirement quantity and date of a planned independent requirement are less reliable and stable than the requirement quantity and date of a confirmed customer requirement. 

Additionally, one wishes to know the development of material stock levels at any point in time over a given time interval. For this purpose one notes all receipts and issues, both from process orders inside the balance area and incoming to or outgoing from the balance area. This stock/requirements list can be evaluated by various algorithms. For example one only considers plant stock and definite receipts and issues to calculate the definite future stocks by best current knowledge. On the other hand one may include the planned independent requirements in the consideration to calculate the expected future stocks. 

Long-range planning also requires estimates of the project s business value. At the very early stages it is difficult to determine what the market share and volume of product sold will be. The company must determine probabilities of both technical and commercial success. These are calculated independently and then combined to finally estimate how successful the project will be. 

The initial plan for a proposed wind project in Spanish Fork, Utah, for example, was objected to by a local city-engineer who thought that the construction might interfere with the city s nearby springwater collection system (Hartman et al. 2011). However, an alternative plan, which required that the turbines be located closer to people s homes, was resisted by community members. Finally, an independent consultant engineer s determination that the project would not harm the local water supply re-qualified the initial siting plan. 

After the new variety of chocolate cake has been successfully created, the baker has to ensure that other occurrences of this chocolate cake can be produced with repeatable quality. There should be as less as possible variation with respect to quality from one instance to the other. In case of a chocolate cake, the quality might be specified by functions like the taste, the uniformity of the surface of the gloss, or the softness of the dough. In order to ensure this low variation, an accurate plan is required. This plan is known as the recipe of the cake. In more general terms of manufacturing, this is entitled a device-independent process plan. 

It may be useful to consider the program plan, at this stage of its development. as your company s ideal," within the limitations you have established for its scope. By first identifying what is needed, independent of the constraints of time or resources, you emphasize the tasks themselves as the substance of the plan—the core that drives decisions about resource allocations, rather than the other way around. (For example, see Figure 5-7) The result may prompt your team to think more creatively about schedule and resource requirements, as discussed in the following sections. 

The format of the cost estimate is just as important as the content The format can make a difference when proving whether or not the content is accurate. Therefore, the refiner should require that the cont tor present cost estimates in a format that is easy to understand and analyze. In addition, the refiner s cost engineer should independently review the cost estimate to ensure its accuracy and applicability, and also to determine the conting y amounts that the owner should maintain in his funding plans. 

The effectiveness of a QA-related independent Part 11 audit is dependent on the checklist or audit plan utilized. Here, provided as a model, is a two-part audit checklist. The depth of the evidence and support required is dependent on the results of the risk assessment All high-, medium-, or low-risk systems should be subject to the same general questions. 

Most processes operate in the context of an existing site in which a number of processes are linked to the same utility system. The utility systems of most sites have evolved over a period of many years without fundamental questions being addressed as to the design and operation of the utility system. The picture is complicated by individual production processes on a site belonging to different business areas, each assessing investment proposals independently from one another and each planning for the future in terms of their own business. Yet, the efficiency of the site infrastructure and the required investment is of strategic importance and must be considered across the site as a whole, even if this crosses the boundaries of different business areas. 

This part of the HACCP plan describes how to verify that the checks are done correctly and that assumptions are met, for example, if an incident has occurred where the critical limits have been exceeded, as well as procedures for handling changes to the product or the process. Another type of verification involves unannounced inspections by independent auditors, which is a requirement for certified schemes. 

Allelopathy is newly emerging multidisciplinary field of agricultural research. A lot of allelopathy research work has been done in various fields of agriculture and plant sciences. However, standard methods are not being used by workers due to lack of a compendium on the techniques, and hence the results obtained are not easily comparable with each other. This causes problems to researchers working in underdeveloped / third world countries in small towns, where library and research facilities are not available. Therefore, to make available the standard methods for conducting allelopathy research work, this multi-volume book has been planned, with one volume each for each discipline. In all the conferences held since 1990 s a need has always been felt for a manual on allelopathy research methods. This book series aims to provide basic information about various methods to research workers, so that they can conduct research independently without the requirement of sophisticated equipments. The methods have been described in a simple way just like a DO IT YOURSELF book. 

The plan of this paper is as follows - In section 2, the basic experimental data required in the re-evaluation of the empirical correlation energies of the N2 CO, BF and NO molecules are collected. The essential theoretical ingredients of our re-determination are given in section 3 including new fully relativistic calculations including the frequency independent Breit interaction and electron correlation effects described by second order diagrammatic perturbation theory for the Be-like ions B", C, O" ... 

In the past, the scale-up was carried out by selecting best guess process parameters. The recent trend is to employ the Factorial and Modified Factorial Designs and Search Methods. These statistically designed experimental plans can generate mathematical relationships between the independent variables, such as process factors, and dependent variables, such as product properties. This approach still requires an effective laboratory/pilot scale development program and an understanding of the variables that affect the product properties. 

The principles of GLP require an independent quality assurance (QA) program to ensure that the study is being conducted in compliance with GLP. The QA personnel cannot overlap with those of the study because of the potential conflict of interest, but they may be part-time staff if the size of the study does not warrant a full-time QA section. The responsibilities of the QA unit are to maintain copies of plans, standard operating procedures, and in particular the master schedule of the study, and to verily, in writing, that these conform to GLP. The QA unit is responsible for inspections and audits, which must be documented and the results made available to the study director and the principal investigator. The QA unit also signs off on the final report. Any problems discovered or corrective action that is recommended by the unit must be documented and followed up. 

---