Multidisciplinary field

For scientists and engineers catalysis is a tremendously challenging, highly multidisciplinary field. Let us first see what catalysis is, and then why it is so important for mankind. 

The oxidative degradation of organic pollutants in water and air streams is considered as one of the so-called advanced oxidation processes. Photocatalytic decomposition of organics found widespread industrial interest for air purification (e.g., decomposition of aldehydes, removal of NO , ), deodorization, sterilization, and disinfection. Domestic applications based on Ti02 photocatalysts such as window self-cleaning, bathroom paints that work under illumination with room light, or filters for air conditioners operating under UV lamp illumination have already been commercialized. Literature-based information on the multidisciplinary field of photocatalytic anti-pollutant systems can be found in a number of publications, such as Bahnemann s [237, 238] (and references therein). 

A must-have reference in an intrinsically multidisciplinary field, this authoritative reference ... 

Allelopathy is newly emerging multidisciplinary field of agricultural research. A lot of allelopathy research work has been done in various fields of agriculture and plant sciences. However, standard methods are not being used by workers due to lack of a compendium on the techniques, and hence the results obtained are not easily comparable with each other. This causes problems to researchers working in underdeveloped / third world countries in small towns, where library and research facilities are not available. Therefore, to make available the standard methods for conducting allelopathy research work, this multi-volume book has been planned, with one volume each for each discipline. In all the conferences held since 1990 s a need has always been felt for a manual on allelopathy research methods. This book series aims to provide basic information about various methods to research workers, so that they can conduct research independently without the requirement of sophisticated equipments. The methods have been described in a simple way just like a DO IT YOURSELF book. 

Research in organic photochemistry over this period has not only produced a vast accumulation of factual knowledge, but the understanding of how these reactions proceed has also dramatically increased. The high rate of development in synthetic applications of photochemical reactions has — at least in part — only become possible due to this theoretical and mechanistic know-how. Organic photochemistry is today a multidisciplinary field itself. 

The successes of prodrug design are many, and a large variety of such compounds have proven their therapeutic value. When discussing this multidisciplinary field of medicinal chemistry, several complementary viewpoints can be adopted, as listed in Table 1.2. 

OVER the last quarter century we have seen the field of biorelated polymers for medical applications undergo a dramatic transition from the pragmatic and/or serendipic approach to applying basic research principles. Specifically, we have seen the development of many new polymeric materials for intended applications and solutions to problems related to those applications. The development during this time has been dynamic with the consistent emergence of new findings. Consequently, one can anticipate a literal explosion of new clinical products and applications that will be derived from this multidisciplinary field in the next millenium. 

Ultimately, the integration of research and education is a community responsibility that can benefit from broad participation of faculty and co-workers at a variety of stages of professional development. With its broad and fundamental sweep, physical chemistry is an excellent platform for such an effort. The inclusion of examples from other disciplines and multidisciplinary fields like nanotechnology can enrich the physical chemistry curriculum and keep it perennially fresh and exciting for both instructors and students. 

Spectral imaging is a complex and multidisciplinary field. The introduction of new FPAs is making it increasingly powerful and attractive. It has proven potential in qualitative pharmaceutical analysis and can be used when spatial information becomes relevant for an analytical application. Even if online applications and regulatory method validation require further study, the potential contribution of imaging to quality control and PAT needs no further demonstration. 

Process analytical chemistry (PAC) is a field that has existed for several decades in many industries. It is now gaining renewed popularity as the pharmaceutical industry begins to embrace it as well. PAC encompasses a combination of analytical chemistry, process engineering, process chemistry, and multivariate data analysis. It is a multidisciplinary field that works best when supported by a cross-functional team including members from manufacturing, analytical chemistry, and plant maintenance. 

As discussed in Chapter 1 of this Second Edition, polymer processing is rapidly evolving into a multidisciplinary field. The aim is not only to analyze the complex thermomechanical phenomena taking place in polymer processing equipment, per se, but to quantitatively account for the consequences, on the fabricated polymer products. Thus, the focus of future polymer processing science will shift away from the machine, and more on the product, although the intimate material-machine interactions in the former are needed for the latter. 

Aside from the first instant of the interaction of the laser with the matter, the X-ray radiation self-emitted from laser-produced plasmas provides an efficient diagnostic of processes that occur within such plasmas. Over the past ten years, the advent of short-duration laser systems and the progress made in the development of short-pulse X-ray sources have led to such systems being applied to multidisciplinary fields in order to probe matter. 

This growing multidisciplinary field of nanobiotechnology could have important contributions to make to the future of medicine [14], part of which, the consideration of molecular recognition events at the cell membrane surface as information transfer, could have important implications when applied to pharmaceutical development [15, 16]. Dynamic interfaces may provide a means to reach greater sensitivities and novel unpredicted behaviours in terms of biological interaction both for in vitro measurement and in vivo applications. 

The identification of these conditions is one of the primary tasks of archaeometry, a discipline in which the methods of the natural sciences are used to interpret archaeological or conservation science data. In a multidisciplinary field such as archaeometry, archaeological chemistry occupies a central role because its various branches include analytical, computational, and physical chemistry, as well as chemical physics (Figure 1). 

The development of Gd and lanthanide (Ln) complexes for uses as MRI CAs has given rise to a rich lanthanide chemistry. However, the multidisciplinary field of monitoring physiological changes remains a challenge, as in vivo parameters such as pH, partial oxygen pressure (pOi),... 

Why must environmental toxicology be considered a broad, multidisciplinary field of study ... 

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