Plant stock

Tea was introduced by the Dutch into Indonesia with seed that originated in China and Japan. As was characteristic of tropical areas, the industry developed only after replacement of planting stock with Assam varieties in 1878.9... 

Initial situation with regard to material stocks (plant stock, material stock at a given time, calculated from the last physical inventory, confirmed goods issues and goods receipts). 

Additionally, one wishes to know the development of material stock levels at any point in time over a given time interval. For this purpose one notes all receipts and issues, both from process orders inside the balance area and incoming to or outgoing from the balance area. This stock/requirements list can be evaluated by various algorithms. For example one only considers plant stock and definite receipts and issues to calculate the definite future stocks by best current knowledge. On the other hand one may include the planned independent requirements in the consideration to calculate the expected future stocks. 

Infections can also be passed on by vegetative propagation from infected plants. Certification programs exist in many countries to ensure that only virus-free plant stock is sold, most particularly of very susceptible fruits such as raspberries. 

What to do Always plant certified, healthy planting stock. Make sure the site is well-drained. Grow cultivars with resistance check with a reputable fruit... 

Propagation of planting stock in the organic nursery Choice of site (location and soil)... 

One of the most important factors for the success of an orchard is the quality of the planting stock. In addition to certain basic reqnirements, the planting stock mnst be of satisfactory internal and external quality. Nowadays it is unusual to plant trees withont lateral shoots. With these trees, the fruit grower is acting as a nnrseryman in the first year, as he has to grow the lateral shoots in his orchard. This inevitably reduces the initial yields. 

This means that only good-qnality bnd grafts, knip trees or normal 2-year-old trees shonld be considered as planting stock. 

Fig. 2.20. Poor tree material delays the start Fig. 2.21. High-quality planting stock with a of cropping. lot of premature shoots.

At present we consider that the optimum planting stock is a well-developed, virus-free, 2-year-old tree on a Quince C rootstock. With some cultivars, e.g. Williams Bon Chretien, an interstock is needed. On poorer sites, or when replanting, it may he advisable to use Quince A or Quince Adams. In most cases Quince C should he given preference, however. These trees produce faster and grow less vigorously as a result, so the tree structure is simpler. 

Virus diseases cannot be controlled. The highest priority must therefore be given to ensuring that the planting stock is clean. Even so, re-infection often cannot be ruled out in the case of many virus diseases, e.g. plum pox in plums and apricots. 

Planting stock Species clones or select/control-pollinated seed rooted cuttings... 

First, there is obviously a significant potential for improving stem stiffness. It is perfectly feasible for tree breeders to produce planting stock having those properties that are seen in the topmost quintile. This would be a transformational improvement. 

Contamination of the plant stock culture due to poor techniques. 

Process control laboratory with all necessary apparatus and analytical chemicals Equalisation tank and efifiuent treatment plant, stock of flocculants, lime, and alkali... 

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