Individual Products

Protein preparations and milk-like products are processed from soybeans and peanuts. Alone or together with cereals, soybeans are processed into a large number of fermented products in Asia. The following products are made from soybeans. 

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The earlier policy on technical harmonisation within the then European Community was to adopt directives for individual products and which set out the technical requirements in great detail. This resulted not only in a great number of directives needing to be developed but the setting out of the technical requirements in such detail proved to be a hindrance to technical progress. 

Two main types of harmonised standards can be distinguished the product standards and the horizontal standards. The latter, as their denomination indicates, contain issues of a horizontal nature, e.g. for materials or provisions relating to welding or welder approvals. These standards should be formulated in such a way as to be self-sufficient. That means it should be possible to apply them without having to use individual product standards. 

Price category student, individual, production Platforms PC (Windows), Macintosh Contact information CambridgeSoft 100 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge, MA 02140 (617) 588-9300 http //www.camsoft.com/ info camsoft.com... 

Price category individual, production, departmental Platforms PC (Windows and Linux), Macintosh, SGI, RS/6000, Alpha, HP-UX... 

Price category free, individual, production Platforms PC, Mac... 

Plasma fractionation is unusual in pharmaceutical manufacturing because it involves the processing of proteins and the preparation of multiple products from a single feedstock. A wide range of unit operations are utilized to accompHsh these tasks. They are Hsted in Table 3 some are common to a number of products and all must be closely integrated. The overall manufacturing operation can be represented as a set of individual product streams, each based on the processing of an intermediate product derived from a mainstream fractionation process (Fig. 1). 

Core technical competencies may be composed of a number of core or key technologies. The competencies in turn can support product families, platforms, or core products, which then support individual products. These products may ultimately be found in a number of forms or shapes. For example, a key technology such as polymer characterization may support a competency in polymer synthesis and architecture, which in turn supports the platform of fluoropolymers and the product family of Teflon (DuPont) fluoropolymer resins that can be found as films, fibers, or in other forms. 

Prices for individual products vary greatly with volume, purity, and optical quaUty. In 1994 the price for a 1000-mL fused quart2 beaker was about 100, whereas the prices for a 10 x 10 x 5 cm plate ranged from 125 to 5000, depending on the optical homogeneity, inclusions, and transmission. Commercial-grade tubing, 25—30-mm OD, sold for 45— 90/m and ultrapure 10-mm rod for 375/m ( 2160/kg). 

Many grades of PVB and PVF resias are made, and most are eventually compounded and used as multicomponent products. Individual product MSDSs need to be consulted prior to handling and each product should be handled appropriately and ia accordance with good iadustrial hygiene and safety practices, which iaclude appropriate skin, respiratory, and eye protection. 

Because of the much larger volume of single products, there have been more intensive studies of the mechanical properties of mbber, plastics, and fibers in the past than of coating where the volume of individual products is generally relatively small. However, the mechanical property requirements of films for various coating appHcations and how to vary composition in order to achieve these needs is under investigation. 

Strength. Tensile properties and electrical conductivities of selected copper alloys having commercial importance are Hsted in Table 5. The principal source of strengthening and the individual product forms in which each alloy is usually available are also identified. 

Research and development ac tivities do not, in themselves, produce a salable product. Thus, they cannot direc tly generate a return on capital outlay. A successbil research and development projec t is one that results in an activity that earns revenue for the company. The life cycle of the revenue from an individual product may be as shown in Fig. 9-26. 

A number of different methods are commonly used to estimate the amount of overhead to be allocated to an individual product. These methods are necessaiy because accountancy costs become prohibitive for charging all costs directly to an individual product. Unfortunately, there is always an arbitrary element inherent in the process of allocation. 

The standard requires that where, and to the extent that taceability is a specified requirement, the supplier is to establish and maintain documented procedures for unique identification of individual product or batches and goes on to require this identification to be recorded. 

Provide registers for allocating serial numbers to individual products. 

Fluorination of N-methylpyrrole over cobalt trifluoride gives six polyfluo-rinated Af-methylpyrrolidines The same compounds and two others and perfluoro-1-methylpyrrolidme are obtained by fluorination of N-methylpyrrolidine. The yields of the individual products are low [75] (equation 8)... 

In addition to the patent-derived process information, references are also cited under each drug s entry to major pharmaceuticei reference works where additional information can be obtained on synthesis methods and the pharmecology of the individual products. 

In order to determine the regulatory status of an individual product you need to answer two key questions ... 

Certification of individual production batches based on testing of all or samples of the batch versus standards/acceptance criteria... 

Nitroquinoxaline 4-oxide (57) gave 2-chloro-7-nitroquinoxaline (58) (neat POCI3, reflux, 90 min 82%) in contrast, 6-nitroquinoxaline 1-oxide (59) gave a separable 5 4 1 mixture of 6-chloro-7-nitro- (60), 5-chloro-6-nitro-(61), and 2-chloro-6-nitroquinoxaline (62) [neat POCI3, reflux, 18 h 86% (mixture) from which the individual products were isolated in unstated yields]. 

It should be evident from the above examples that, neglecting relaxation, if the polarization of all products in the system is considered, there is no overall net polarization only individual products show net polarization. 

Figure 1.8. Schematic frequency distributions for some independent (reaction input or control) resp. dependent (reaction output) variables to show how non-Gaussian distributions can obtain for a large population of reactions (i.e., all batches of one product in 5 years), while approximate normal distributions are found for repeat measurements on one single batch. For example, the gray areas correspond to the process parameters for a given run, while the histograms give the distribution of repeat determinations on one (several) sample(s) from this run. Because of the huge costs associated with individual production batches, the number of data points measured under closely controlled conditions, i.e., validation runs, is miniscule. Distributions must be estimated from historical data, which typically suffers from ever-changing parameter combinations, such as reagent batches, operators, impurity profiles, etc.

Using this system, SC Johnson scores both raw materials and formulated products, tracks the score of all raw material purchases and measures the overall percentage of materials that fall into each rating category, that is considered Best or RUM . The scores are used to set company goals, as well as to reward the formulators and chemists who use the system to improve the environmental and human health profiles of individual products and product lines. 

The traditional and most extensively used method of synthesis of chlorocyclophosphazenes [NPCl2] involves the reaction of finely ground ammonium chloride with phosphorus pentachloride in a high boiling solvent such as sym-tetrachloroethane. This reaction affords a mixture of cyclic and linear products from which the individual products have to be separated, usually by fractional distillation in high vacuum (1, 5,17,18,35-39), (Eq. 1) ... 

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