Pilot plants location

The BP-led feedstock recycling consortium recently unveiled its new larger-scale fluidised bed pyrolysis pilot plant, located on the BP refinery site at Grangemouth. The 2 tonne/day plant will take mixed plastics waste from a variety of sources to provide more extensive trial results, to be used in the conceptual design of a 25,000 t/y semicommercial demonstration plant. The consortium envisages a series of plants, of around 25,000-50,000 t/y, scattered across Europe. 

Water Treatment. The source of water for this experiment was a pilot plant located on the Seine River upstream from Paris, France (Figure 1). The pilot plant uses an upflow solids contact clarifier (Pulsator, Degremont, Rueil Malmaison, France) followed by rapid sand filtration (RSF). The filtered water is then distributed over four treatment lines to evaluate the efficiency of various ozone-GAC combinations (ozonation rates of 1 or 5 ppm O3 and 10-30 min of contact time). The GAC used in this study was Calgon F-400 (Calgon Corp.). Disinfection by chlorine or chlorine dioxide completed the process. In this chapter, line 3 treatment was not considered a complete treatment for the water supply. This line was studied to evaluate the efficiency of a high ozonation rate. 

The solvent-refined coal (SRC) processes were originally developed to produce cleaner boiler fuels from coal. A 0.5t/day plant was built in 1965 and scaled up in 1974 into two separate pilot plants located at Wilsonville (SRC-I, 6t/day) and Fort Lewis, WA (SRC-I, 50t/day). The Fort Lewis plant was later converted to an SRC-II unit. Due to the more severe conditions required for SRC-II, the capacity was downgraded to about 25 t/day. The objective of the SRC-II process was to produce distillate products. Detailed designs for large-scale plant were subsequently prepared, although these plants were not built. The Wilsonville plant continued to be funded... 

Figure 3.8-3 is a schematic diagram of a pilot plant located at Critical Processes Ltd in the UK. It will serve as an example of a possible configuration. It has an extraction cell of 32-1 volume and will operate at up to 200°C. The maximum water flow rate is 60 1 h h The oil heater is 6 kW and the flow rate of oil is 120 1 h h The oil flow rate is higher because of the lower heat capacity of oil. In the system water is pumped from a container through two heat exchangers into the cell. The first heat... 

Occurs in a production, storage, distribution, utility, or pilot plant location... 

Selection of pilot plant location and execution of field trials to test high-grade steel pipes in hot and cold water distribution systems in domestic installations) (in German)... 

Gomez MJ, Martinez Bueno MJ, Lacorte S, Eemandez-Alba AR, Agliera A (2007) Pilot survey monitoring pharmaceuticals and related compounds in a sewage treatment plant located on the Mediterranean coast. Chemosphere 66 993-1002... 

In 1999, the European Council of Vinyl Manufacturers (ECVM) chose this process as the most robust and economical, and started to support it within the context of ECVM s recycling efforts. ECVM committed 3 million as a support to the building of a pilot plant. The pilot will be build at Solvay s Tavaux plant, located in the eastern part of Erance. If the pilot is successful, most probably a 25,000 tpa full scale plant will be build. However, it is not expected that such a full scale plant will be operational before 2005. 

A 20ft-high mini plant has been built at BP s refinery at Grangemouth, near Edinburgh, as an experiment by several leading European petrochemical companies to address the difficult issue of plastic recycling. The 7501/ y pilot plant accepts mixed plastics ground into pieces a maximum of 2cm across and passes them over hot sand which converts them into a gas. This is distilled back into plastic feedstock which can be fed back into the petroehemical plant to make fresh plastic. This process eould be replieated at many small plants, located at ehemieal works or even beside municipal waste tips. 

As was stated in Section 1.2.1, the project design should start with a clear specification defining the product, capacity, raw materials, process and site location. If the project is based on an established process and product, a full specification can be drawn up at the start of the project. For a new product, the specification will be developed from an economic evaluation of possible processes, based on laboratory research, pilot plant tests and product market research. 

The MHI gasification technology has been tested in Nakoso (Japan) in two pilot-scale gasifiers. A new IGCC project has been started that is a 250 MW air-blown IGCC demonstration plant located in Nakoso, where the former pilot plants were based, and will process up to 1500 ton/day of coal, which is about nine times more than the former 200 ton/day... 

Most recently, development testwork was performed on a large perovskite deposit (Powderhom) located in the USA. An effective beneficiation process was developed, where a concentrate assaying >50% Ti02 was achieved in the pilot plant confirmation tests [7]. During this development testwork, a number of different collectors were examined at different pH values. Figure 25.5 shows the effect of the different collectors on perovsikte flotation. The most effective collector was phosphoric acid ester modified with either fatty alcohol sulphate or petroleum sulphonate. 

Scale-up can also have a significant effect on the basic process control system and safety systems in a reactive process. In particular, a larger process will likely require more temperature sensors at different locations in the process to be able to rapidly detect the onset of out-of-control situations. Consideration should be given to the impact of higher-temperature gradients in plant-scale equipment compared to a laboratory or pilot plant reactor (Hendershot 2002). 

The mathematical relations of gas-liquid reactions are like those for physical absorption but the equilibria and mass transfer coefficients are much more complex because they depend on the chemical nature of the reactant and its remaining concentration at each location in the reactor. Such data are not plentiful or well correlated in print, and the main reliance for particular reactions is on laboratory or pilot plant testing. 

SNPE in France has developed a new technology specially adapted to electrolysis with consumable electrodes. SNPE has been operating for a few years a multi-purpose lOt/year pilot unit located in ISOCHEM s plant in Pithiviers (France), Fig. 14. 

Titan Wood limited was formed in April 2003, by Accys Chemicals PTC, a UK-based company. The company is in the process of building a full-scale production facility for the acetylation of solid wood located at Arnhem in The Netherlands, which will become operational at the end of 2005. The company acquired equipment and intellectual property owned by the former AKBV, based in Arnhem. AKBV developed a pilot plant acetylation reactor of 2 300 litre capacity, 85 cm in diameter and 4 m long, capable of acetylating 0.9 m of solid wood per batch. 

The other three major activities within the waste isolation program are specific to particular sites. We are currently evaluating the potential of deep basalt flows below the Hanford reservation in the State of Washington. This work is managed by the Richland Operations Office and is being conducted by the Rockwell Hanford Company. An evaluation of a potential site is underway in southeast New Mexico for the location of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) which is primarily a facility for the placement of transuranium contaminated wastes (TRU) from the defense program. 

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