Phosphoric acid cleaners

Cleaners. Phosphoric acid is used ia several acidic hard-surface (tile, porcelain, metal) cleaning and sanitising formulations, as well as an acid cleaner for food processing equipment. 

Uses. The principal use of monosodium phosphate is as a water-soluble soHd acid and pH buffer, primarily in acid-type cleaners. The double salt, NaH2P04 H PO, referred to as hemisodium orthophosphate or sodium hemiphosphate, is often generated in situ from monosodium phosphate and phosphoric acid in these types of formulations. Mixtures of mono- and disodium phosphates are used in textile processing, food manufacture, and other industries to control pH at 4—9. Monosodium phosphate is also used in boiler-water treatment, as a precipitant for polyvalent metal ions, and as an animal-feed supplement. 

About 264,000 metric tons of elemental capacity is available in North America, plus another 79,000 t (P equivalent) of purified wet phosphoric acid (14). About 85% of the elemental P is burned to P2 5 hydrated to phosphoric acid. Part of the acid (ca 21%) is used direcdy, but the biggest part is converted to phosphate compounds. Sodium phosphates account for 47% calcium, potassium, and ammonium phosphates account for 17%. Pinal apphcations include home laundry and automatic dishwasher detergents, industrial and institutional cleaners, food and beverages, metal cleaning and treatment, potable water and wastewater treatment, antifree2e, and electronics. The purified wet acid serves the same markets. 

There are, however, certain acid-based materials which can primarily be construed as cleaners. One such type of material is used in the cleaning of aluminium cans prior to treating and lacquering. Such cleaners are normally based on sulphuric or phosphoric acid, with, generally, additions of hydrofluoric acid and surfactants. These materials are sprayed on to pre-formed cans to remove the lubricant used during the can-forming operation. The fluoride is present to enhance the removal of fines of metal swarf in the cans as well as to remove the oxide film. 

Care must be taken here not to confuse acid cleaners with the high-strength, phosphoric acid-based chemical polishes and chemical brighteners, which are used specifically to obtain the surface finish which such materials produce. Also in the category of acid cleaners could be considered the lightweight alkali-metal phosphating cleaner-coater solutions, but a discussion on such materials is best left to specialist publications on metal pretreatment chemicals. 

Phosphates and phosphonates are valuable contents of cleaners used for technical purposes especially when anticorrosive behavior is also required. Phosphoric acid esters are a component of aqueous cleaning compositions for printed circuit boards [212]. 

The results reported in this paper show that supported STA catalysts are efficient catalysts for the acylation of thioanisole and related activated aromatic molecules in the presence of iso-butyric anhydride as the acylating agent. The para- substituted ketone isomer is the major acylation product. Optimal catalyst activity is in the range of 60°C to 90°C. Use of either lower STA concentrations or use of weaker acids eg phosphoric acid, decreases the reaction rate and selectivity this results in greater hydrolysis of the anhydride. Use of supported STA catalysts is more efficient than bulk STA since the reaction medium is much cleaner and enables easier removal of the catalyst. 

Phosphoric acid is used as an intermediate in the production of animal feed supplements, water treatment chemicals, metal surface treatments, etching agent, and personal care products such as toothpaste. It is used as a catalyst in the petroleum and polymer industry. Phosphoric acid is used in food as a preservative, an acidulant, and flavor enhancer it acidifies carbonated drinks such as Coca Cola and Pepsi, giving them a tangy flavor. Phosphoric acid is used as a rust remover and metal cleaner. Naval Jelly is approximately 25% phosphoric acid. Other uses for phosphoric acid include opacity control in glass production, textile dyeing, rubber latex coagulation, and dental cements. 

Estimate the concentrations of hydroxide ion in a 1 F solution of Na3P04, using the acid constants for phosphoric acid from the preceding chapter. Can you say why this substance is used as a cleaner and paint-remover, as a substitute for ly ... 

Monoalkyl phosphate and phosphate esters are special types of phosphoms-contain-ing anionic surfactants that are of great industrial importance. They are used for flameproofing, as antistatic for textiles, for foam inhibition, as an extreme pressure (EP) lubricant additive, as a surfactant component for alkaline, and as acid cleaners and for special cosmetic preparations (5). The commercially available phosphate ester products are complex mixtures of monoester and diester, free phosphoric acid, and free nonionic. 

Alkyl phosphates, also coco based, are formed by the reaction of fatty alcohol with phosphorous pentoxide. The product is a mixture of monoesters and diesters. Its sodium salt (MAP) is reportedly mild and is used in facial wash, such as Kao s Biore. Other uses are as antistatics in textile auxiliaries, corrosion inhibitors, surfactant additives for extreme pressure (EP) lubricants, and surfactant components in alkali and acid cleaners. Coco-based alkyl polyglycosides (APG) have been successfully produced and marketed by Henkel in the United States. The alkyl polyglycoside fuUy satisfies the demand for a mild surfactant and is completely biodegradable. 

Tile cleaners containing hydrochloric, sulfuric, sulfamic, or phosphoric acids. 

In 2005, about 650 million liters (170 million gallons) of ethyl alcohol were produced by the phosphoric acid method. Of that amount, 60 percent was used for industrial solvents in the manufacture of toiletries and cosmetics, coatings and inks, detergents and household cleaners, pharmaceuticals, and other products. The remaining 40 percent was used in the preparation of other chemical compounds, including ethyl acrylate, vinegar, ethylamines, ethyl acetate, glycol ethers, and miscellaneous materials. 

Uses Synthetic flavor and fragrance In foods and pharmaceuticals fragrance In cosmetics organic synthesis latent solvent Intermediate solvent for paints, lacquers, paint removers, cleaners, hydraulic fluids, pharmaceuticals fluorometric determinations llq. chromatography mfg. of Isobutyl esters for use In solvents, plasticizers, flavors, and perfumes extraction agent for phosphoric acid purification In food-pkg. adhesives defoamer In food-contact coatings and paper/paperboard In food-contact textiles Features Fruity flavor... 

There are some places in the home where really tough cleaning jobs exist. For these jobs, cleaners are formulated with extremes in pH, which allow the acidity or alkalinity of the cleaner to quickly attack the unwanted dirt, grease, or stain (Figure 9.3). Toilet-bowl cleaners usually contain hydrochloric acid, which can dissolve most mineral scale (mostly carbonates) and iron stains. Other acids, such as phosphoric acid and oxalic acid, are also used in these products. The pH of toilet-bowl cleaners is usually below 2, and because they contain strong acids, they can be quite harmful to skin and eyes on contact. They should be handled with extreme caution, and rubber gloves should he worn when using them. 

Synonyms Cetylstearyl ether phosphoric acid Formula [R0(CH2CH20)n]xP0(0H)3-x, R = cetylstearyl, n = 3-10, x = 1-2 Properties Wh. or buff hard wax Uses Emulsifier, corrosion inhibitor, EP agent for metalworking fluids antistat for plastics surfactant for detergents, cleaners Ceteareth-2 phosphate CAS 106233-09-4 EINECS/ELINCS 500-295-0 Synonyms Cl 6-18 alcohols, ethoxylated, phosphates (2 EO)... 

Definition Complex mixture of esters of phosphoric acid and oleth-4 Properties Anionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Surfactant in cosmetics detergent, emulsifier, wetting agent, lubricant, antistat, rust inhibitor, EP agent for detergents, metal cleaners, textile scours, emulsion polymerization, agric. 

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