Million gallons

U.S. producers of benzene from petroleum and their approximate production capacities are shown in Table 5. These figures are inexact because the size of the market and instabiUty of benzene prices causes frequent changes in capacity. Dow Chemical, with total armual benzene capacity of 8.3 x 10 t (250 million gallons) is the largest producer in the United States. Other companies with total domestic capacity of over 3.3 x 10 t (100 million gallons) per year are Amoco Corp., Lyondell, British Petroleum America, Chevron, Exxon Chemical, Occidental Petroleum, Shell Oil, and Mobil. These companies account for approximately 60% of total U.S. benzene capacity (65). 

United States benzene trade data are shown in Table 7. From 1961 to 1970, the United States was a net exporter of benzene. After 1971, following a rapid growth of foreign benzene production, the amount of inexpensive benzene available from overseas sources brought the trade balance back to net imports. The trade balance was expected to fluctuate and a net import balance of 3.3ndash4.3 x 10 t (100—130 million gallons) was anticipated for 1990 (64). 

It was reported that makeup rates due to tube leaks, bad pump packing, and other losses was up to 70,000 gal/hr in this 2 million gallon system, although the design was for 10,000 gal/hr makeup. 

In November 1990 a fire occurred at a flammable liquid tank farm supporting Denver s Stapleton international airport. Eight of the farm s twelve storage tanks contained jet fuel, totaling almost 4.2 million gallons. The fire burned for 55 hours, destroying seven tanks. 

Applications for mixers in blending operations vary from small laboratory mixers to large petroleum tanks of several million gallons. Three common mixing operations are ... 

Total stormwater runoff = 7.45 million gallons/year... 

One mg/LUer of flocculant in 1 million gallons of water treated per day is 8.34 Lbs of material. 

About 15 gallons of TCE can impact an area 1,000 meters in length, 100 meters in width, and 20 meters in depth with an average concentration of 100 ppb, or roughly 528 million gallons... 

Metalized screens Screens that have been metalized with nickel. These screens will bleed off static charges, promote EMC and reflect electromagnetic energy. MGD Million gallons daily - refers to the flow through a waste treatment plant. 

Failure of the 25 million gallon cooling water basin in sequence 16 was dominated by failure of the Building 186 cooling water reservoir from soil consolidation. 

Although the containment dike was large enough to hold the entire contents of the lank, the lank ruptured so suddenly that a torrent of 3.8 million gallons generated a wave of oil Uiat splashed over the embankment. The tank, 56 feel high and 120 feet in diameter, was erected in 1986 on a newly enlarged concrete foundation that previously had supported a smaller receptacle. The tiuik was constructed of steel 40 years old, which presumably contains less carbon and was more brittle lh ui steel manufactured more recently. 

A Frasch mine can produce as much as 2.5 million tonnes of sulfur per annum- Such massive operations clearly require huge quantities of mining water (up To 5 million gallons daily) and abundant pou er supplies for tlie drilling, pumping and superheating operations. 

Ethanol for nonbeverage use is obtained by acid-catalyzed hydration of ethylene. Approximately 110 million gallons of ethanol a year is produced in the United States for use as a solvent or as a chemical intermediate in other industrial reactions. 

Oil spills cause significant environmental problems. The largest spill in history was the deliberate release of oil into the Persian Gulf during the 1991 Gulf War. The second largest spill took place in 1979 when an exploratory well off the coast of Mexico released about 140 million gallons of oil. 

Mineral oil hydraulic fluids are produced from crude oil. Organophosphate ester and polyalphaolefin hydraulic fluids are manufactured. All hydraulic fluids contain many ingredients which reduce wear, make the fluid flow better, and make it thinner when it is cold. More than 200 million gallons of hydraulic fluids are sold each year in the United States. See Chapters 3 and 4 for more information on hydraulic fluids. 

No information concerning the specific production volumes of mineral oil hydraulic fluids was found in the available literature. The National Petroleum Refiners Association (NPRA 1992) reported that 192 million gallons of automatic transmission fluids, universal tractor hydraulic/transmission fluids, energy/ shock absorber and power steering fluids, and other automotive hydraulic fluids were sold in 1991. Virtually all of these fluids are mineral oil hydraulic fluids (Chrisope and Landry 1993 Papay 1989, 1991 Wills 1980). This volume is lower than sales volumes for 1990 (216 million gallons), 1989 (221 million... 

In 1991, 12.5 million gallons of fire resistant fluids (probably including water-in-oil emulsions) were sold this is the lowest sales volume since 1985 (NPRA 1992). No detailed breakdown of water-in-oil emulsion hydraulic fluids was provided in NPRA (1992). 

As a result of dissolution of the limestone by the partly neutralized acid wastes, calcium concentrations more than doubled in the near-deep monitoring well 10 months after injection started in 1963,67 In early 1966, however, they dropped to background levels (about 200 mg/L), possibly in response to biochemical decomposition of the waste. In September 1968, after about 300 million gallons of the acidic, unneutralized waste had been injected, the calcium concentration began to increase again. An abrupt increase in calcium to 2700 mg/L accompanied by a decrease in pH to 4.75 in January 1969 led to the decision to plug the near-deep monitoring well. 

BOD, biochemical oxygen demand COD, chemical oxygen demand. a Samples were filtered through a 0.8 pm filter. b MGD = million gallons per day. c ML/d = million liters per day. 

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