Phenolic rubber tackifying resins

Diisobutylene reacts with phenol to produce para-f-octylphenol, used to synthesize phenolic rubber tackifying resins. 

Chemically, limestone is also a feedstock for forming calcium carbide, which is used to manufacture acetylene, a feedstock for acetylene black filler, phenol acetylene tackifier resins, and other rubber chemical additives. 

Resin as the Disperse Phase. Several kinds of resins (10) have been used to reinforce rubbers—e.g., phenolic or coumarone resins for natural rubber, styrene-butadiene resin for styrene-butadiene rubber, etc. One other important system, pressure-sensitive adhesive, also belongs to this class. These adhesives generally contain a low molecular weight resin functioning as a tackifier. In 1957, Wetzel (68) and Hock (19) found that these adhesives were actually two-phase systems (Figure 1). Under... 

Synonyms Butylated phenol-formaldehyde resin p-t-Butyl phenol formaldehyde resin Phenol formaldehyde butyl resin Uses Tackifier for rubbers, adhesives, cements ManufJDIstrib. Solutia Trade Names Containing Santolink EP 560... 

Unlike natural rubber, filled synthetic rubber compounds (e.g., styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM)) exhibit inherent low tack. The tack property is very important for tyre applications where multiple layers must adhere to each other. The lack of adequate tack may lead to failure of the final product. Long-chain and branched alkyl phenol-based novolac resins have been recommended as tackifier. 

Stearic acid is a usual processing aid in butyl rubber formulations, acting as lubricant and minimizing mill sticking apart from this action, it also plays the role of activator in the curing system. Hydrocarbon or phenolic tackifying resins are sometimes provided in compounds to assist the adhesion in confection or splicing. 

Polyterpene resins are commonly used as tackifying resins to impart building tack to rubber compounds, especially if the compound is based on EPDM, which does not possess very much inherent tack. Polyterpene resins do not impart long-term aged tack as good as the phenol formaldehyde resins. 

Isobutylene reacts with ammonia to make f-butylamine, an important feedstock in the synthesis of TBBS rubber accelerator, one of the two most widely used accelerators. Isobutylene is dimerized to make diisobutylene, which is used to produce octy-lated diphenylamine (a commonly used rubber antioxidant) and para-t-octyl phenol (a feedstock for the most common phenolic tackifier resin used by the rubber industry). 

The second path in Fig. 3 outlines the approach to a more robust tape designed by Drew [21]. Here the milled rubber and filler are combined with tackifiers and other additives/stabilizers in an intensive dispersing step, such as a Mogul or Banbury mixer. Next, a phenolic resin or an alternative crosslinker is added and allowed to react with the rubber crosslinker to a point somewhat short of crosslinking. The compounded mixture is then charged to a heavy duty chum and dissolved in a suitable solvent like mineral spirits. To prepare a masking tape. 

Butyl phenolic resin is a typical tackifier for solvent-borne polychloroprene adhesives. For these adhesives, rosin esters and coumarone-indene resins can also be used. For nitrile rubber adhesives, hydrogenated rosins and coumarone-indene resins can be used. For particular applications of both polychloroprene and nitrile rubber adhesives, chlorinated rubber can be added. Styrene-butadiene rubber adhesives use rosins, coumarone-indene, pinene-based resins and other aromatic resins. 

In this section the rosins and rosin derivative resins, coumarone-indene and hydrocarbon resins, polyterpene resins and phenolic resins will be considered. The manufacture and structural characteristics of natural and synthetic resins will be first considered. In a second part of this section, the characterization and main properties of the resins will be described. Finally, the tackifier function of resins in rubbers will be considered. 

Standard-grade PSAs are usually made from styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), natural rubber, or blends thereof in solution. In addition to rubbers, polyacrylates, polymethylacrylates, polyfvinyl ethers), polychloroprene, and polyisobutenes are often components of the system ([198], pp. 25-39). These are often modified with phenolic resins, or resins based on rosin esters, coumarones, or hydrocarbons. Phenolic resins improve temperature resistance, solvent resistance, and cohesive strength of PSA ([196], pp. 276-278). Antioxidants and tackifiers are also essential components. Sometimes the tackifier will be a lower molecular weight component of the high polymer system. The phenolic resins may be standard resoles, alkyl phenolics, or terpene-phenolic systems ([198], pp. 25-39 and 80-81). Pressure-sensitive dispersions are normally comprised of special acrylic ester copolymers with resin modifiers. The high polymer base used determines adhesive and cohesive properties of the PSA. 

SP-. (Schenectady] Phenolic resins crosslinking agent, tackifier, plasticizer for rubber compds., adhesives, and sealants. 

Rubber Compounding. Specialty phenolic resins are used as processing aids, tackifiers, adhesives to fabric, and for reinforcement. 

Water-based dispersions or emulsions such as polyvinyl acetate, acrylics, polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl alcohol with plasticizers and tackifiers. In addition, this range can include urea formaldehyde and phenolic adhesives, resins, natural adhesives produced from starch, dextrin, casein, animal glues (see Polyvinyl alcohol in adhesives, Phenolic adhesives single-stage resoles. Phenolic adhesives two-stage novolacs. Animal glues and technical gelatins) and rubber latex (see Emulsion and dispersion adhesives). Solvent-free 100% solids such as polyurethane. Hot melt adhesives include Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters with tackifiers and waxes. More recent additions include cross-linkable systems. 

Alkylation of phenol with diisolbutylene produces 4-tert-octylphenol. It is used in the manufacture of specialty surfactants and resins and compounds also for rubber industry tackifiers and ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers. It is available in either flaked or molten form and generally sold in 25 kg bags, bulk shipments of 5000 gallon tank wagons, or up to 25,000 gallon railcars [1, pp. 136-138 2] (Structure 3.4). 

Adhesives. Contact adhesives are blends of rubber, phenolic resin, and additives supplied in solvent or aqueous dispersion form they are typically applied to both surfaces to be joined (98). Evaporation of the solvent leaves an adhesive film that forms a strong, peel-resistant bond. Contact adhesives are used widely in the furniture and construction industries and also in the automotive and footwear industries. The phenolic resins promote adhesion and act as tackifiers, usually at a concentration of 20-40%. In solvent-based contact adhesives, neoprene is preferred, whereas nitrile is used in specialty applications. The type and grade of phenolic resin selected control tack time, bond strength, and durability. 

Terpene resins will be effective as solid solvents for an elastomer when their Hildebrand solubility parameters are close to the Hildebrand solubility parameters of the respective polymer. For example, from Table 22.4 it can be seen that pure polyterpene resins are suitable tackifiers for poly(ethylene) (PE), natural rubber, and polybutadiene polymers. Further, terpene phenol resins are suitable tackifiers for poly(vinyl acetate), poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(ethylene terephthalate). 

Elastomeric adhesives can be prepared by emulsion polymerization of nitrile rubber films. Blending of nitrile emulsions with phenolic resins, casein, and tackifiers produce latex adhesives. ... 

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