Rubber antioxidants

OLEFINPOLYTffiRS - POLYPROPYLENE] (Vol 17) -rubber antioxidants [STYRENE PLASTICS] (Vol 22)... 

Rubber accelerator Rubber antioxidant Rubber bearings Rubber blends Rubber cements Rubber chemicals... 

Further variations in the properties of polyethylenes may be achieved by incorporating additives. These include rubber, antioxidants and glass fibres and their effects will be discussed further in Section 11.1.4. 

Amines resulting from the reaction of an amino group (-NIL), with naphthalene they are used as rubber antioxidants. See PAN, PBN. 

A white crystalline solid, C0H5OH, with a characteristic odour. It is used in the manufacture of the phenohc plastics, of dyestuffs and of rubber antioxidants. Highly toxic, avoid skin contact. 

Used industrially in the manufacture of butyl alcohol, butyraldehyde, quinaldine, resins, rubber antioxidants, insecticides, and other chemicals used as a solvent, warning agent in fuel gases, as a rubber accelerator, in leather tanning, and as a denaturant in alcohol. 

Uses Detecting sulfates formerly used as a rubber antioxidant cancer research. May be an impurity in azo dyes. 

Uses. Previously used as a rubber antioxidant no longer produced on a commercial scale... 

Uses. In the manufacture of rubber antioxidants and monomer inhibitors to stop radical polymerization in dyes, as a photographic developer in formulations for pharmaceuticals, perfumes, inks, and insecticides... 

Uses. Rubber antioxidant and accelerator fungicide in veterinary medicine stabilizer for nitrocellulose explosives and celluloids manufacture of dyes... 

Rubber antioxidant -naphthalene derivatives [NAPHTHALENE DERIVATIVES] (Vol 16)... 

Rubber antioxidants are commonly of an aromatic amine type, such as dibeta-naphthyl-para-phenylenediamine and phenyl-beta-naphthylamine. Usually, only a small fraction of a percent affords adequate protection. Some antioxidants arc substitute phenolic compounds (butylatcd hydro -vamsole, di-tert-butyl-para-cresol, and propyl gallate). 

Selected physical properties of naphthaleneamines and naphthalenediamines are listed in Table 3. They are used in rodenticides. rubber antioxidants, dye intermediates, insecticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, chemical manufacture, and colorants. 

Unsaturated and Vulcanized Rubbers. Oxidation occurs most readily at polymers with structural double bonds, such as natural rubber, polybutadiene, or polyisoprene. Aromatic amines and sterically hindered phenols are effective antioxidants. From the rubber antioxidants, 96.8 million pounds were amines, and 20 million pounds were phenols. Amines act also as antiozonants whereas phenols are not effective. Furukawa shows that amines have a lower oxidation potential which is a prerequisite for antiozonant action. 

Aldehydes find die most widespread use as chemical intermediates. The production of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde as precursors of the corresponding alcohols and acids are examples. The aldehydes of low molecular weight are also condensed in an aldol reaction to form derivatives which are important intermediates for the plasticizer industry (see Plasticizers). As mentioned earlier, 2-etliylliexanol, produced from butyraldehyde, is used in the manufacture of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [117-87-7]. Aldehydes are also used as intermediates for the manufacture of solvents (alcohols and ethers), resins, and dyes. Isobutyraldehyde is used as an intermediate for production of primary solvents and rubber antioxidants (see Antioxidants). Fatty aldehydes Cg—C13 are used in nearly all perfume types and aromas (see Perfumes). Polymers and copolymers of aldehydes exist and are of commercial significance. 

Diphenylamine (8) reacts with nitrous acid to yield iV-nitrosodiphenylamine (180), formerly a useful rubber vulcanization inhibitor. As a toxic nitroso compound, its use is now restricted. The reaction between 8 and acetone yields A-phenylbenzeneamine, a rubber antioxidant. 3-Methyl-phenyl-1-benzenesulfonyltriazene (181) and its toluene analog, both made from the reaction between the diazonium salt of aniline and the corresponding sulfonamide, have been used as blowing agents for rubber. 

MMBI is a rubber antioxidant that, in synergy with amine or phenolic antioxidants, protects against oxygen, heat, and metals (especially in thiuram and dithiocarbamate vulcanizates) at the cost of a retarding effect in the vulcanization process and the reduction of modulus. It also confers steam resistance to rubber compounds and has a brightening effect on transparent materials. It is non-staining/coloring and does not bloom. 

Akroflcx C [Du Pont], TM for a rubber antioxidant containing 35% di phenyl-p-phcnylcne-diamine C6H4(NHC6H5)2 and 65% phenyl-a-naph-thylamine ( Neozone A). 

Use Rubber antioxidant stabilizer polymerization inhibitor chemical intermediate. 

Use Manufacture of dyes, reagents, explosives, insecticides, lubricants, rubber antioxidants odor inhibitor in detergents, UV sensitizer for photographic plates. 

Use Rubber antioxidants and accelerators, solid rocket propellants, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicine, storage preservation of apples, stabilizer for nitrocellulose, analytical chemistry. 

Use Rubber antioxidant to retard oxidation, deterioration, and normal aging in belts, tires, hoses, retread, rubber, and general mechanics. 

Use Organic synthesis, photographic developer, medicine, controlled reduction reactions, nondiscoloring short-stopper for synthetic rubbers, antioxidant for fatty acids. 

Use Intermediate for rubber antioxidants and accelerators, for neopentyl glycol synthesis of amino acids, cellulose esters, flavors, etc. 

Neozone [Du Pont]. TM for a group of rubber antioxidants. An JV-phenyl-a-naphthyl-amine. D is JV-phenyl-(3-napthylamine. C is fusion of Neozone A and toluene-2,4-diamine. 

Use Intermediate for vulcanization accelerators, rubber antioxidants, synthetic drying oils, and pesticides. 

---