Polyterpene resins

Heteroatom functionalized terpene resins are also utilized in hot melt adhesive and ink appHcations. Diels-Alder reaction of terpenic dienes or trienes with acrylates, methacrylates, or other a, P-unsaturated esters of polyhydric alcohols has been shown to yield resins with superior pressure sensitive adhesive properties relative to petroleum and unmodified polyterpene resins (107). Limonene—phenol resins, produced by the BF etherate-catalyzed condensation of 1.4—2.0 moles of limonene with 1.0 mole of phenol have been shown to impart improved tack, elongation, and tensile strength to ethylene—vinyl acetate and ethylene—methyl acrylate-based hot melt adhesive systems (108). Terpene polyol ethers have been shown to be particularly effective tackifiers in pressure sensitive adhesive appHcations (109). 

In this section the rosins and rosin derivative resins, coumarone-indene and hydrocarbon resins, polyterpene resins and phenolic resins will be considered. The manufacture and structural characteristics of natural and synthetic resins will be first considered. In a second part of this section, the characterization and main properties of the resins will be described. Finally, the tackifier function of resins in rubbers will be considered. 

I.4. Polyterpene resins. Terpene resins are obtained from natural terpene monomers obtained from naval stores, paper pulp production, and citrus juice production. Terpenes are found in almost all living plants, and the turpentine oil from pine trees is the most important source. 

P-Pinene is an important raw material for various perfumes and polyterpene resins.7 In contrast to a-pinene, only the (-)-isomer of P-pinene is isolated from nature in large quantities. The (+)-isomer of P-pinene (6) is produced mainly by chemical means from (+)-a-pinene (1) through the use of various isomerization methods 5 17 One of these methods is to heat Ipc2BH (3) from 1 with high optical purity to about 130°C, followed by treatment with 1-hexene and benzaldehyde to release the (+)-P-pinene (6) (>99.5% ee) (Scheme 5.3) °... 

Polyterpene resins (600-1500 mol. wt.) (16%), used for adhesives, pressure-sensitive sizes (dry cleaning, paper, chewing gum)... 

Polyterpene resins are related to the oldest reported polymerization, as they were first observed in 1789 by Bishop Watson by treatment of turpentine with sulfuric acid [92]. Commercial polyterpene resins are synthesized by cationic polymerization of /3- and a-pinenes extracted from turpentine, of rf,/-limonene (dipentene) derived from kraft-paper manufacture, and of d-limonene extracted from citrus peels as a by-product of juice industry [1,80,82,93]. The batch or continuous processes are similar for the three monomers. The solution polymerization is generally performed in mixed xylenes or high boiling aromatic solvent, at 30-55° C, with AlCl3-adventi-tious water initiation. The purified feedstream (72-95% purity, depending on monomer) is mixed in the reactor with solvent and powdered A1C13 (2—4 wt% with respect to monomer), and then stirred for 30-60 min. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst is deactivated by hydrolysis, and evolved HC1 is eliminated by alkaline aqueous washes. The organic solution is then dried, and the solvent is separated from the resin by distillation. 

There are more than 35 producers all over the world an exhaustive list was provided in a recent review [82]. World consumption of hydrocarbon resins has been estimated —750 kt in 1994 which corresponds to an increase of 7.8% with respect to 1993. About 65% of the resins were used in adhesive formulations. Production was 350 kt for aromatic (C9 + IC) resins, 274 kt for aliphatic (C5 + DCPD), and 128 kt for the more rapidly developing water-white pure monomer resins, which corresponds on average to about 80% of world plant capacities [95]. Production of polyterpene resins appears limited to 25-30 kt per year. 

E. R. Ruckel and H. G. Arlt, Jr., Polyterpenes resins, Naval Stores, Production, Chemistry Utilization (D. F. Zinkel and J. Russell, eds.), Pulp Chemicals Association, 60 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10165, 1989, Chap. 13, pp. 510-530. 

Hot-melt adhesives are usually used for box-sealing applications for coated paperboard products. Migration of mineral hydrocarbons from these adhesives into foods was investigated in a survey. No mineral hydrocarbons were detected but several other substances were present in the adhesives. These were proposed to be natural resins such as polyterpene resins, tall oil rosin esters, and sterol-like natural products.Examples of each of these natural products are described in ref. 13 as being used for hot-melt adhesives. 

Isobutylene-cyclopentadiene copolymer Hydrocarbon and polyterpene resins... 

Use Polyterpene resins, substitute for a-pinene, intermediate for perfumes and flavorings. 

P-Pinene is an important raw material for various perfumes and polyterpene resins [7]. In contrast to oc-pinene, only the (-)-isomer of P-pinene is isolated... 

Nevtac . [Neville] Synthetic polyterpene resins tackifier for adhesives, coatings, rubber prods., concrete-curing conqxls., and caulking conq>ds. 

Zonarez . [Arizona] Polyterpene resins thertnofdastic polymers for adhesives, rubber cements, emulsion adhesives, hot melt adhesives/coadt, can sealants, caulking and general sealants., ink, paints, concrete waterproofing agents, varnishes, chewitig and bubble gum bases. 

Chem. Descrip, Polyterpene resin derived from poly-a-pinene... 

Polysulfide elastomer. See Polysulfide Polytef. See Polytetrafluoroethylene Polyterpene resin. See Terpene resin... 

Synonyms Polyterpene resin Terpene polymer resin Classification Unsat. hydrocarbon thermoplastic resin Definition Thermoplastic resin obtained by polymerization of turpentine in presence of cataysts Properties Sol. in mostorg. soivs. 

Synonyms Polyterpene resin Terpene polymer resin... 

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