Phenol incompatibilities

The use of plants from extreme environments Wild plants from extreme environments may possess genes and gene combinations which confer stress tolerance. We must realise, however, that many of their characteristics, e.g. leaf pubescence and succulence in drought-resistant plants, are incompatible with the high yield potential required for crop plants. In addition, most of these species contain compounds such as phenolics and mucilages which interfere with conventional molecular biology techniques. 

As is apparent from the above information, there is no ideal disinfectant, antiseptic or preservative. All chemical agents have their limitations either in terms of their antimicrobial activity, resistance to organic matter, stability, incompatibility, irritancy, toxicity or corrosivity. To overcome the limitations of an individual agent, formulations consisting of combinations of agents are available. For example, ethanol has been combined with chlorhexidine and iodine to produce more active preparations. The combination of chlorhexidine and cetrimide is also considered to improve activity. QACs and phenols have been combined with glutaraldehyde so that the same effect can be achieved with lower, less irritant concentrations of glutaraldehyde. Some... 

HPLC solvents (PDMS-coated fibres are incompatible with hexane). PDMS fibres are more selective towards nonpolar compounds and polyacrylate fibres towards polar compounds such as acids, alcohols, phenols and aldehydes. Another feature of SPME fibre selectivity is discrimination towards high-MW volatiles. SPME has successfully been applied to the analysis of both polar and nonpolar analytes from solid, liquid or gas phases. Li and Weber [533] have addressed the issue of selectivity in SPME. 

Let us now turn to compounds with more than one benzenoid ring. The first species are the isomeric a- and /J-naphthylamincs, 18a and 18b. The archival enthalpies of formation are found to be 157.6 6.9 and 133.8 5.1 kJmol-1. The 24 9 kJmol-1 difference of these two numbers is incompatible with the near-zero difference of the enthalpies of formation for the isomeric naphthols, methyl- and bromonaphthalenes32. Which or either naphthylamine has the correct enthalpy of formation The gas-phase enthalpies of formation of the naphthols differ from their single benzene ring analog, phenol, by 66 kJmol-1 in close agreement with the difference between the methylnaphthalenes and toluene, 63, and between the brominated and parent hydrocarbons, 69 6 and 68 2 kJmol-1 respectively. That is, it is plausibly asserted33 that the difference quantities 17 are nearly constant and equal. 

Menthol 0.003-0.015% in suspensions, and syrups Cooling effect Sublimes easily above 25° C and composition of natural oil may vary with source Incompatible with thymol, phenol, camphor, and other excipients Slightly soluble in glycerin very soluble in alcohol... 

PVF resins are generally compatible with phthalate, phosphate, adipate, and dibenzoate plasticizers, and with phenolic, melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, unsaturated polyester, epoxy, polyurethane, and cellu lose acetate hutylate resins. They are incompatible with polyamide, ethyl cellulose, and poly(vinyl chloride) resins. 

In plants, biosynthesis and exudation of allelochemicals follows developmental, diurnal, and abiotic/biotic stress-dependent dynamics. Compounds from 14 different chemical classes have been linked to allelopathic interactions, including several simple phenolic acids (e.g., benzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids) and flavonoids [Rice, 1984 Macias et al., 2007]. The existence of several soil biophysical processes that can reduce the effective concentration and bioactivity of these compounds casts doubts on their actual relevance in allelopathic interactions [Olofsdotter et al., 2002]. However, there are well-documented examples of phenylpropanoid-mediated incompatible interactions among plants. Several Gramineae mediate allelopathic interactions by means of... 

Baker CJ, O Neill NR, Tomerlin JR. 1989. Accumulation of phenolic compounds in incompatible clone/race interactions of Medicago saliva and Colletotrichum trifolii. Physiol Mol Plant Path 35 231-241. 

Among the various facets of the tinter products industry, only the wood preserving industry has pollutants in its discharge that have been classified as "incompatible" by EPA. The field work required to develop pretreatment standards for this industry has been completed and the issuance of standards is expected during 1976. Of primary concern here are the phenolic compounds in oily preservatives and heavy metals in salt-type preservatives. 

Prochlorperazine Edisylate Prochlorperazine edisylate is not compatible with sodium chloride solutions containing methyl hydroxybenzoate and propyl hydroxy-benzoate as preservatives, but is compatible with solutions containing benzyl alcohol. Prochlorperazine edisylate salts are incompatible with a number of drugs such as aminophylline, amphotericin, ampicillin sodium, some barbiturates, ben-zylpenicillin salts, calcium gluconate, cefmetazole sodium, cephalothin sodium, chloramphenicol sodium succinate, chlorothiazide sodium, chloramphenicol, morphine sulfate containing phenol, magnesium trisilicate mixture, sodium succinate, chlorothiazide sodium, dimenhydrinate, heparin sodium, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, midazolam hydrochloride, and some sulfonamides.166... 

Extrapolation of these results to the real world suggests that the simultaneous use of PPO/phenolics and proteinase inhibitors as bases of resistance against certain insects may be mutually incompatible. If one were to rely on proteinase inhibitors as a basis, the elimination of high levels of polyphenol oxidase in the plant would not guarantee antibiotic activity because high levels of dietary protein can abolish PI toxicity (89) Hence, the activity of PI, PPO and phenolics in situ may require the manipulation of multiple plant factors. 

The PAL Inhibitor APEP also prevents glyceollln Induction and transforms an Incompatible pathogen Interaction to a compatible one, suggesting a role for PAL and toxic phenolic compounds In resistance fl27). AOA Inhibited PAL activity in vivo, but not Its synthesis, resulting In increased extractable PAL activity from maize mesocotyls which prevented resistance expression. This suggested that PAL Is Involved In resistance (128). 

ACGIH TLV TWA 2 mg(Al)/m3 DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. The dust is an irritant by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Highly exothermic polymerization reactions with alkenes. Incompatible with nitrobenzenes or nitrobenzene + phenol. Highly exothermic reaction with water or steam produces toxic ftimes of HCl. See also ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS, CHLORIDES, and HYDROCHLORIC ACID. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. Incompatible with oxidizing materials. See also PHENOL and other butyl phenols. 

Readily absorbed through the skin. Human systemic effects by ingestion convulsions, dyspnea, gastrointestinal effects. A severe skin and eye irritant. Incompatible with alkalies, NH3, antipyrine, phenol, iron and lead salts, iodine, KMn04. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Used as a topical antibacterial agent, as an intermediate, hair dye component, and analytical reagent. 

Acacia is incompatible with a number of substances including amidopyrine, apomorphine, cresol, ethanol (95%), ferric salts, morphine, phenol, physostigmine, tannins, thymol, and vanillin. 

Butylated hydroxyanisole is phenolic and undergoes reactions characteristic of phenols. It is incompatible with oxidizing agents and ferric salts. Trace quantities of metals and exposure to light cause discoloration and loss of activity. 

Carbomers are discolored by resorcinol and are incompatible with phenol, cationic polymers, strong acids, and high levels of electrolytes. Certain antimicrobial adjuvants should also be avoided or used at low levels, see Section 11. Trace levels of iron and other transition metals can catalytically degrade carbomer dispersions. Intense heat may be generated if a carbomer is in contact with a strong basic material such as ammonia, potassium or sodium hydroxide, or strongly basic amines. 

Hydroxypropyl cellulose in solution demonstrates some incompatibility with substituted phenol derivatives, such as methylparaben and propylparaben. The presence of anionic polymers may increase the viscosity of hydroxypropyl cellulose solutions. 

Incompatible with coal tar, ichthammol, phenol, and resorcinol. 

Incompatible with butylchloral hydrate camphor chloral hydrate chromium trioxide P-naphthol phenol potassium permanganate pyrogallol resorcinol and thymol. 

Methylcellulose is incompatible with aminacrine hydrochloride chlorocresol mercuric chloride phenol resorcinol tannic acid silver nitrate cetylpyridinium chloride p-hydroxybenzoic acid p-aminobenzoic acid methylparaben propylparaben and butylparaben. 

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