Cetylpyridinium chloride

This localization phenomenon has also been shown to be important in a case of catalysis by premicellar aggregates. In such a case [ ] premicellar aggregates of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were shown to enhance tire rate of tire Fe(III) catalysed oxidation of sulphanilic acid by potassium periodate in tire presence of 1,10-phenantliroline as activator. This chemistry provides a lowering of tire detection limit for Fe(III) by seven orders of magnitude. It must also be appreciated, however, tliat such premicellar aggregates of CPC actually constitute mixed micelles of CPC and 1,10-phenantliroline tliat are smaller tlian conventional CPC micelles. 

Quaternary Salts. Herbicides paraquat (20) and diquat (59) are the quaternary salts of 4,4 -bipyridine (19) and 2,2 -bipyridine with methyl chloride and 1,2-dibromoethane, respectively. Higher alkylpyridinium salts are used in the textile industry as dye ancillaries and spin bath additives. The higher alkylpyridinium salt, hexadecylpytidinium chloride [123-03-5] (67) (cetylpyridinium chloride) is a topical antiseptic. Amprolium (62), a quaternary salt of a-picohne (2), is a coccidiostat. Bisaryl salts of butylpyridinium bromide (or its lower 1-alkyl homologues) with aluminum chloride have been used as battery electrolytes (84), in aluminum electroplating baths (85), as Friedel-Crafts catalysts (86), and for the formylation of toluene by carbon monoxide (87) (see QuaternaryAA ONiUM compounds). 

Tolnaftate [2398-96-17, C H NOS, which is active against dermatophytes, is the active component ia another antifimgal powder it also contains cetylpyridinium chloride and talcum venetum. 

Active agents vary according to use. For controlling bad breath, 2iac salts, sodium lauryl sulfate, and flavors are used. To destroy oral microorganisms, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride [123-03-5] and ben2alkonium chloride [68391-01-5] are valuable. Essential oils, such as thymol [89-83-8] eucalyptol [470-82-6] menthol, and methyl salicylate [119-36-8] reduce plaque-related gingivitis (see Oils, essential). Sodium fluoride aids ia caries coatrol. 

The effect of concentration of cationic (cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC), anionic (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) and nonionic (Twin-80) surfactants as well as effect of pH value on the characteristics of TLC separ ation has been investigated. The best separ ation of three components has been achieved with 210 M CPC and LIO M Twin-80 solutions, at pH 7 (phosphate buffer). Individual solution of SDS didn t provide effective separation of caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, the rate of separ ation was low. The separ ation factor and rate of separ ation was increase by adding of modifiers - alcohol 1- propanol (6 % vol.) or 1-butanol (0.1 % vol.) in SDS solution. The optimal concentration of SDS is 210 M. 

It was found that the effect of solvents and various surfactants Triton X-100, Twin-80, Brij-35 sodium laurylsulfate, sodium cetylsulfate, cetylpyridinium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the luminescence intensity is insignificant. 

Heparin (from pig intestinal mucosa) [9005-49-6] Mr -3,000, amorphous, [a]p - + 55° (H2O). Most likely contaminants are mucopolysaccharides including heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate. Purified by pptn with cetylpyridinium chloride from saturated solutions of high ionic strength. [Cifonelli and Roden Biochem Prep 12 12 1968.]... 

The heats of dilution of sodium dodecyl sulfate in 0.0001 M NaCl and 0.145 M NaCl solutions have been determined in a study of the thermodynamics of the reaction with cetylpyridinium chloride. The heat of dilution includes the heat of dilution of the monomer, the heat of micellization, and the heat of dilution of the micelle [71]. 

C19H33CI 4860-03-1) see Cetalkoniura chloride Cetylpyridinium chloride A -cetyl-Af,A-dimethylamine... 

C5H5N 110-86-1) see Carbinoxamine Cefaloridine Cetylpyridinium chloride Chlorphenamine Diodone, Pheniramine 4-pyridineacetic acid... 

Fig. 10.8 Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) A, general structure ofQACs B, benzalkonium chloride (n - S - 18) C, cetrimide (n - 12 - 14 or 16) D, cetylpyridinium chloride.

Fig. 10.8 A where the R substituents are alkyl or heterocyclic radicals to give compounds such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (cetrimide), cetylpyridinium chloride and benzalkonium chloride. Inspection of the stmctures of these compounds (Fig. 10.8B) indicates the requirement for good antimicrobial activily of having a chain length in the range Cg to Cig in at least one of the R substituents. In the pyridinium compounds (Fig. 10.8C) three of the four covalent links may be satisfied by the nitrogen in a pyridine ring. Polymeric quaternary ammonium salts such as polyquatemium 1 are finding increasing use as preservatives.

Diluted in neutraUzed water, separation on CIS Novapak using gradient elution using methanol and phosphate buffers at pH 7 Formation of ion pairs with cetylpyridinium chloride (CeCl) in water and extraction in butanol, separation on C8 Spherisorb using gradient of acetonitrile, methanol, CeCl/phosphate buffer... 

A significant contribution of rheo-NMR has been to show that the uniform shear-rate assumption may be violated in the case of certain classes of fluids in which pathological flow properties are exhibited. Figure 2.8.10 shows shear-rate maps [26] obtained for the wormlike surfactant system, cetylpyridinium chloride-sodium salicylate in water. While the velocity gradients show no deviation from uniformity at very low shear rates, above a certain critical value yc a dramatic variation in the rate-of-strain across the 7° cone gap is found. In particular a very high shear-rate band is found to exist at the mid-gap. 

Fig. 2.8.10 (a) Grey scale map of shear taken across gap of 7° cone-and-plate device, for the semi-dilute wormlike micelle system 60 mM cetylpyridinium chloride—100 mM sodium... 

Ong et al. [134] found that several hydrophilic anionic, non ionic, or cationic surfactants can alleviate the deleterious effect of magnesium stearate over-mixing on dissolution from capsules when added with the lubricant in a ratio as low as 1 5 (w/w). These successful surfactants were sodium A-lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, sodium stearate, polox-amer 188, cetylpyridinium chloride, and sodium lauryl sulfate. The lipophilic surfactant glyceryl monostearate did not alleviate the magnesium stearate mixing effect. A reduction in thier particle size was shown to enhance effectiveness, particularly in the case of surfactants with low solubility and slow dissolution rate. 

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES AUTOMATED TURBIDIMETRIC TITRATION. A method for the automated aqueous turbidimetric titration of surfactants has been published (10) in which anionic surfactants are titrated against N-cetylpyridinium chloride to form a colloidal precipitate near the equivalence point. N-cetylpyridinium halides have a disadvantage in that they have the tendency to crystallise out of solution (15), consequently the strength of the solution may alter slightly without the knowledge of the operator, also the crystals suspended in solution may cause damage to the autotitrator. In view of these drawbacks hyamine was preferred as the titrant. 

Concerning the SLN produced by hot homogenization as described by Olbrich et al. [19], as lipidic matrix Compritol ATO 888 or paraffin were used, as tenside a mixture of Tween 80 and Span 85 was used, and as charge carrier either EQ1 [N,N-di-(()-s(eaoryI e(liyI)-.V,A -di methylammonium chloride] or cetylpyridinium chloride were used. The resulting particles were characterized by size between 101 and 105 nm and showed zeta potentials around 40 mV at pH 7.4. 

Hexadecylpyridinium chloride (cetylpyridinium chloride) Hexadecylpyridinium bromide (cetylpyridinium bromide) Dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride... 

Aspirin hydrolysis CTABr and cetylpyridinium chloride + NaOH or buffer. Enhancement at high and inhibition at low pH Broxton, 1982... 

Gillissen indicated that while cationic surfactants like cetylpyridinium chloride have a synergistic effect, Tween 80 inhibits the activity of gramicidin149. 

Cetylpyridinium bromide, physical properties of, 4 350t Cetylpyridinium chloride, function as ingredient in cosmetics, 7 829t Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surface area, of silica, 22 371, 386. 

Orienting systems of quasi-ternary mixtures composed of cetylpyridinium chloride/hexa-nol/NaCl [26] and cetylpyridinium bromide/hexanol/NaBr [27] have been reported to form lamellar liquid crystalline phases that allow a large temperature range over which dipolar couplings can be measured. The optimum condition for protein alignment consists of a 1 1.33 (w/w) ratio of cetylpyridinium bromide/hexanol. The residual 2H quad-rupolar splitting of the HOD resonance increases from 5 Hz to 20 Hz as the concentration of the mixture is varied from 30 to 65 mg/mL. These quasi-ternary mixtures are positively charged. 

A TLC method for determination of quaternary ammonium antiseptics was proposed, using silanized silica plates in combination with triiodide ions and UVV densitometry at 400 nm. The method was applied to cetylpyridinium chloride, cetrimide (197c) and the isomers of benzalkonium chloride (197b)420. 

Alternatively, cetrimide (197c) and cetylpyridinium chloride were determined in industrial and consumer products, by indirect adsorptive stripping voltametry on a dropping mercury electrode425. A rapid method for benzalkonium chloride (197b) in pharmaceutical preparations was based on LLE of the picrate into chloroform in an F1A system and determination of the anion426. 

Ishii and coworkers could develop a W-heteropoly acid catalyst 163, prepared from 12-tungstatophosphoric acid and cetylpyridinium chloride, which catalyzes the epoxidation of... 

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)/ hexane a-Amylase from brewers yeast and invertase from bakers yeast Enzyme activities in cells entrapped in RMs were high compared to free cells [284]... 

Cetylpyridinium chloride (similar to cetrimide) Used in mouth wash in lozenges. 

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