Topical antibacterial agents

Clindamycin 1% and erythromycin 2% preparations, applied once or twice daily, have similar effects and are the most commonly prescribed topical antibacterial agents.17 These agents, as well as sodium sulfacetamide, are available in various formulations for the treatment of acne. 

Blepharitis is a topical inflammation of the eyelid margins that should be treated using topical antibacterial agents. Gentamicin eye ointment is preferred to the fusidic acid drops since the ointment is a better formulation to be used where the condition involves the eyelid margins. Chloramphenicol eye drops is the third option since it is an antibiotic with a wider spectrum of activity. A combination of corticosteroid and antibiotic is not recommended because of the side-effects associated with the steroid. The use of oral tablets is not usually recommended since blepharitis can easily be managed with topical drops. The use of dexamethasone eye drops, monotherapy steroid, could clear the inflammation but mask persistence of infection. 

Topical antibacterial agents are used to prevent infection and in the early treatment of infected dermatoses and wounds. Various preparations contain corticosteroids in addition to antibacterial agents. 

Mupirocin (pseudomonic acid A) is structurally unrelated to other currently available topical antibacterial agents. Most gram-positive aerobic bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA), are sensitive to mupirocin (see Chapter 50). It is effective in the treatment of impetigo caused by S aureus and group A -hemolytic streptococci. 

Spann CT, Tutrone WD, Weinberg JM, et al. Topical antibacterial agents for wound care a primer. Dermatol Surg. 2003 29 620-626. 

Dihydro-3-(5-nitro-2-furanyl)-5//-imidazo[2,l-6]thiazolium chloride (furazolium chloride) is a topical antibacterial agent. Substituted imidazo[l,2-c]thiazole derivatives are antihypertensives, CNS stimulants, and appetite suppressants. 2H- l,3-Dithiolo[4,5-c]pyrazole-5-thiones and imidazo[5,1 -b jthiazoles are fungicidal with low toxicity to plants, animals and hum ns. 

Moderately toxic by subcutaneous route. Human systemic effects by ingestion dyspnea, nausea, other gastrointestinal effects. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A strong irritant due to its oxidizing properties. Used in production of drugs of abuse, as a topical antibacterial agent, and a chemical reagent. 

Readily absorbed through the skin. Human systemic effects by ingestion convulsions, dyspnea, gastrointestinal effects. A severe skin and eye irritant. Incompatible with alkalies, NH3, antipyrine, phenol, iron and lead salts, iodine, KMn04. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Used as a topical antibacterial agent, as an intermediate, hair dye component, and analytical reagent. 

Efficacy of Commonly Used Topical Antibacterial Agents... 

In addition to topical antimycotic therapy, systemic NSAIDs and topical atropine sulfate are used to the control pain and ameliorate the effects of anterior segment injury associated with the iridocyclitis that inevitably accompanies ker-atomycosis. Topical proteinase inhibitor therapy is of significant clinical benefit in controlling stromal breakdown and, since potentially pathogenic bacteria contaminate most mycotic lesions, concurrent broad-spectrum, topical antibacterial agents should be used. 

Aminoacridine agents such as proflavine (Fig. 6.9) are topical antibacterial agents which were used particularly in the Second World War to treat surface wounds. The... 

Sulfacetamide sodium ophthalmic solution and ointment USP 10% are sterile topical antibacterial agents for ophthalmic use. They contain sulfacetamide sodium 10%... 

Mafenide, a topical antibacterial agent (8.5% cream) is indicated as an adjnnctive treatment of second- and third-degree bums. 

Topical Antibacterial Agents Commercially Available for Ophthalmic Use ... 

Molan PC. Honey as a topical antibacterial agent for treatment of infected wounds. World Wide Wounds 2001, November (http //www.worldwide-wounds.eom/2001/november/Molan/honey-as-topical-agent.html). 

Aiming to gain further insight into the complexity of drug/polymeric micelle interaction phenomena, the present chapter investigated the incorporation of the poorly water-soluble topical antibacterial agent triclocarban (TCC) into polymeric micelles of the branched pH/temperature-responsive poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) block copolymers Tetronic 1107 (MW = 15 kDa, 70 wt% PEG) and 1307 (MW = 15 kDa, 70 wt% PEG). Solubility extents showed a sharp increase of up to 4 orders of magnitude. Due to the pH-... 

Topical antibacterial agent. Used in photometric detn. of V. White to straw coloured needles. Mp 37°. Bp 220°, Bp25 113.6°. pK 9.4 (25°). 

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