Cosmetics and pharmaceutical products

For food and drink, medical, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics production the microbiological quality of the water becomes paramount. Even in applications where biological quality is not directly important, uncontrolled growth can be a damaging nuisance. Warm-water systems and cooling circuits in particular are a potential hazard (e.g. from Legionella). Some water treatment or conditioning is commonly required. 

Various processes need waters of a quality better than the public supply, or whatever source is available. Demands vary widely. Pharmaceutical and cosmetics production generally requires good biological quality. So do food and drink manufacture, but brewing and soft drink manufacture often requires a specified mineral content as well. In brewing it is becoming common for water to be largely... 

WB Hugo. Phenols as preservatives for pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. In JJ Kabara, ed. Cosmetic and Drug Preservation. New York Marcel Dekker, 1984, pp 109-113. 

Fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters derived from vegetable oils are valuable compounds for the production of fine chemicals for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products. Moreover, they are considered to be a promising fuel for direct injection diesel engines. The classical method of fatty acid methyl and ethyl ester (FAME)... 

Since light is a costly form of energy its use can be acceptable for industrial applications only when the overall reactions have very high quantum yields, or when the final products are in any case expensive. This applies in particular to pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, and here photochemical processes can be used within the requirements of commercial considerations. 

Fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters derived from vegetable oils are considered to be a promising fuel for direct injection diesel engines. Moreover, they are valuable compounds for the production of fine chemicals for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Leclercq et a/.1711 showed that the methanolysis of rapeseed oil can be carried out with MgO, although its activity depends strongly on the pretreatment temperature of this oxide. Thus, with MgO pretreated at 823 K and a methanol to oil molar ratio of 75 at methanol reflux, a conversion of 37 % with 97 % selectivity to methyl esters was achieved after 1 h in a batch reactor. 

HDPE provides a superior moisture barrier but is less resilient. PP has a high level of heat resistance, and PET offers transparency and a high degree of product chemical compatibility. Thus, plastics and plastic laminates are generally preferred over metal tubes for packaging of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. 

Parker MS. The preservation of pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products. In Russell AD, Hugo WB, Ayliffe GAJ, eds. Principles and Practice of Disinfection, Preservation and Sterilization. Oxford Blackwell Scientific, 1982 287-305. 

An example of the efficiency of anion exchange chromatography is demonstrated by using cyclodextrines [110]. Depending on the number of glucose residues, one distinguishes between a-, / -, and y-cyclodextrin. Isolated from liquified potato starch after fermentation based on the enzyme system of Bac. macerans, they are constituents of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The separation in Fig. 3-114 reveals that the cyclodextrin retention cannot be correlated with its molecular weight. 

Japanese Pharmaceutical Excipients Directory Monographs on excipients used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products Edited by the Japan Pharmaceutical Excipients Council available through Interpharm... 

It is interesting to note that, despite their widespread use and excellent safety profile, there is an increasing interest in the potential systemic exposure to preservatives following application in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. In many cases, however, skin penetration data for preservatives are not available in the literature. In addition, much of the data that are publicly available have been obtained under conditions inappropriate to risk assessment. By far the most available data concerns the parabens. 

Lecithin, a mixture of phosphatidyl choline, phosphaddyl ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl inositol, is used as a surfactant in many food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products. Lecithin is a product of soy bean oil degumming operations. It is obtained from the hexane extract of flaked soy beans which contains the seed oil and a portion of the phosphatides that are initially present in the soy bean membrane. The exhact is seated with water at 80 °C, and the phosphatides are hydrated rendering them oil insoluble which makes it easy to filler them from the oil. This oil insoluble fraction is termed cmde lecithin and consists of about 70% phosphatides and 30% oil. De-oiled lecithin is obtained by treating the cmde lecithin with acetone. Lecithin is insoluble in acetone and the oil is, and a separation into a 90 to 9r phosphatides fraction can be achieved quite readily. The prior... 

Paints, inks, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, food products, drilling muds, dyestuffs, agricultural chemicals, firefighting loams... 

In the manufacture of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, overall control is essential to ensure that the consumer receives products of high quality. Haphazard operations cannot be tolerated especially to the manufacture of products intended to save life or to restore or to preserve health. 

Use C. preparations are used in histology for staining. In addition, C. is used to color foods as well as pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, inks, and artist s paints. C. was introduced to Europe from Central America in the 16th century as a dye for textiles and carpets. 

The advantages of oil fortified with retinyl palmitate have historically been utilized by food aid programs, where a daily intake of 16 g of oil provided approximately 50 % of the recommended daily intake (RDI) of an adult male [19]. Surman et al. [20] reports that retinyl palmitate it also can be associated with toxicities at high doses. The preeise human dose required to ensure efficacy without toxicity remains a point of controversy. Also, retinyl palmitate (RP) is widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetics products to improve the skin elasticity [21, 22],... 

H. Huang, Y. C. Lai, C. W. Chiu, J. M. Yeh, Comparing micellar electrokinetic chromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of preservatives in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products./. Chromatogr. A, 2003, 993, 153-164. 

Ethanol is mainly used in disinfectants for surfaces, instruments and for the skin, e.g. in hand disinfectants. Sometimes ethanol is applied as a preservative, e.g. in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, where odourless and non-irritating preservatives are preferred. 

Bronopol has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and belongs to the group of aldehyde-releasers as well as to the group of activated halogen-compounds. It is widely used as a preservative of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products (Croshaw et al., 1964 Storrs Bell, 1983). Another important emerging application is the use as a preservative in the filler and pigment industry (e.g. calcium carbonate slurries). 

Applications. Sorbic acid and its salts are permitted as preservative in all countries of the world in a very broad spectrum of food, pet-food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The permissible quantities are between 0.1 and 0.2%, depending on the application. In the US sorbates can be used in many foods according to GMP without an upper limit. Thus sorbates are some of the most widely used food preservatives in the world. 

Pectin is a soluble fiber, and it can be used as a gelling agent and stabilizer in a variety of foods (including meat products, breakfast cereals, bakery products and dairy products), pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products (Espitia et al., 2014, Guo et al., 2014 Thakur et al.,... 

The lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal phase is often formed in detergent solutions. When subjected to shear lamellae can, under certain conditions, curve into closed shell structures called vesicles (Section 4.11.4). These are used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products to deliver molecules packed into the core. Selective solubilization in micelles finds similar applications, although micelles tend to break down more rapidly than vesicles when diluted. Applications for hexagonal and cubic structures may stem from the recent discovery that they can act as templates for inorganic materials such as silica, which can be patterned into an ordered structure with a regular... 

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