Microbiological quality

CTFA Microbiology, Quality Assurance, and Occupational Safety Guidelines, CTFA, Washington, D.C. Cosm. Toil. 105(111), 79 (1990). 

For food and drink, medical, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics production the microbiological quality of the water becomes paramount. Even in applications where biological quality is not directly important, uncontrolled growth can be a damaging nuisance. Warm-water systems and cooling circuits in particular are a potential hazard (e.g. from Legionella). Some water treatment or conditioning is commonly required. 

Denyer S.P. (1990) Monitoring microbiological quality application of rapid microbiological methods to pharmaceuticals. In Guide to Microbiological Control in Pharmaceuticals (eds S.P. Denyer R.M. Baird), pp. 146-156. Chichester Ellis Horwood. 

Microbiological Quality Assurance a Guide Towards Relevance and Reproducibility of Inocula (eds M.R.W. Brown P. Gilbert), pp. 221-234. New York CRC Press. 

Hauser and Folsch (2002) also found that there are no differences in the microbiological quality of eggs from four different farming systems (Table... 

Badosa E, Trias R, Pares D, Pla M and Montesinos E. 2008. Microbiological quality of fresh fruit and vegetable products in Catalonia (Spain) using normalised plate-counting methods and real time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). J Sci Food Agric 88(4) 605-611. 

Johnston LM, Jaykus LA, Moll D, Martinez MC, Anciso J, Mora B and Moe CL. 2005. A field study of the microbiological quality of fresh produce. J Food Prot 68(9) 1840-1847. 

Stringer SC, Plowman J and Peck MW. 2007. The microbiological quality of hot water-washed broccoli florets and cut green beans. J Appl Microbiol 102 41-50. 

Microbiological Quality of Tofu. Tofu is a protein-rich substrate with pH around 6, hence it is quite susceptible to microbial growth. Traditionally, tofu has been made and consumed in the same day. However, in the United States, tofu may be held at the supermarkets for many days on produce counters before consumption where temperatures are usually 10-15°C. Thus, microbial deterioration becomes a serious problem (23-25). 

R. Legenhausen, Course on Microbiological Quality of Water-based Product, Center for Professional Advancement, 1989. 

FDA Guide to Inspections of Microbiological Quality Control Laboratories, Rockville, MD, July 1993. 

Good practices recommend that drinking water must be produced from surface or ground water with suitable chemical and microbiological quality [63]. Although... 

It is expected that the potency, purity, and quality of the drug substance be maintained over time. The chemical, physical, enzymatic, and microbiological quality, as appropriate, should be retained through to the claimed life of the drug substance and also through the life of the formulated drug substance, that is, the marketed drug product. 

Valentin-Bon, I., Jacobson, A., Monday, S. R., and Feng, P. C. (2008). Microbiological quality of bagged cut spinach and lettuce mixes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74,1240-1242. 

Currently available methods for determining seafood freshness have been reviewed (2,3,4,5). In general, sensory and microbiological quality of seafoods are the standards most often utilized for determining freshness. There are, however, several limitations with these methods such as the need for trained technicians, problems with subjectivity, or long analysis times. Consequently, several new methods have been proposed using chemical indices of freshness that attempt to overcome these difficulties. The purpose of the present paper is to first review these methods with particular emphasis on shrimp freshness determinations and, secondly, to present experimental evidence showing that impedance can be used to denote shrimp freshness. 

Industrial microbiological quality control normally covers the total count of germs, the counts of yeasts and moulds, coliform bacteria and E. colt. In special cases these investigations are complemented by the detection of Staphylococcus aureus, salmonella and listeria. 

Although the microbiological quality of the air can be estimated by various methods, the RCS method is recommended. The biotest RCS (centrifugal... 

To describe the procedure for validation of an ampule and vial washing machine to maintain microbiological quality... 

Microbiological Quality of Water Used for Glassware Washing 4.1 Recirculating water... 

Determine, by use of a biotest RCS centrifugal air sampler, the microbiological quality of the inlet air. 

Procedures used to protect microbiological quality of the bulk drug during these holding periods should be indicated. Maintenance of the microbiological quality during holding periods may need verification. 

Requirements for hold time limits and protection of product microbiological quality are described in manufacturing site SOPs. The hold times for (product name) USP will be validated during manufacturing of process validation lots. 

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