Petroleum residual oil

The road asphalt used in this study was obtained from the road as a fresh sample. The road asphalt is composed of asphaltenes (GPC peak at lOOA and petroleum residual oils (15) (GPC peak at n-C QHgo). The GPC of road asphalt is shown in Figure 9. Since petroleum asphaltenes cannot be separated by a lOOA pore size gel column, the asphaltene appears without any separation at the total size exclusion limit of the column. But the nonasphaltene components are separated showing a peak at n-C QHg2. The performance of the road asphalt depends on the asphaltene content as well as on the molecular size distribution of the nonasphaltenic fraction. 

In this report, the authors evaluate petroleum coke as a raw material for coke-making and examine the above-mentioned blending limit. Besides petroleum coke, examination and evaluation of petroleum residual oil are also presented as a more effective use as a raw material. 

In addition to Ro and MF, inert matters of coal such as ash and sulfur, which do not soften and melt, are important properties of coal to be evaluated. The relations between FOB prices of coals from various parts of the world and the above-mentioned factors were analyzed by multiple regression analysis.(3) This permits economic evaluation of coals as raw materials for coke-making. Petroleum residual oils and petroleum coke can similarly be evaluated as raw materials. The most difficult problem here is how to evaluate factors corresponding to Ro and MF in coals.(6) This report presents primarily an estimation of such factors for evaluation. 

SYNS EXTRACTS (PETROLEUM), RESIDUAL OIL SOLVENT (9CI) RESIDUAL OIL SOLVENT EXTRACT... 

MQV872 CAS 64742-17-2 HR 3 MINERAL OIL, PETROLEUM RESIDUAL OILS, ACID-TREATED... 

Characterization of Heavy Crude Oils and Petroleum Residues. Caracterisation des huiles lourdes et des residus petroliers. Symposium international, Lyon, 1984. 

M. R. Gray, Upgrading Petroleum Residues and Heay Oils, M tcelHeTket, Inc., New York, 1994. 

The first commercial oil-fumace process was put into operation in 1943 by the Phillips Petroleum Co. in Borger, Texas. The oil-fumace blacks rapidly displaced all other types used for the reinforcement of mbber and today account for practically all carbon black production. In the oil-fumace process heavy aromatic residual oils are atomized into a primary combustion flame where the excess oxygen in the primary zone bums a portion of the residual oil to maintain flame temperatures, and the remaining oil is thermally decomposed into carbon and hydrogen. Yields in this process are in the range of 35 to 50% based on the total carbon input. A broad range of product quaHties can be produced. 

Upgrading Petroleum Residues and Heavy Oils, Murray R. Gray Methanol Production and Use, edited by Wu-Hsun Cheng and Harold H. Kung... 

Erdbl-industrie, /. petroleum (or oil) industry, -lager, n. petroleum deposit, -riickstand, m. petroleum residue. 

The combined petroleum ether and n-heptane washes were concentrated under diminished pressure and the residual oil dissolved in a minimum amount of hot petroleum ether (about 75 ml). The resulting solution was placed in the refrigerator for two days. The precipitated dl-2-(N-formylamino)isocamphane was then recovered by filtration and washed with petroleum ether and n-heptane as described above. Obtained, 12.6 g of product having a MP of 158° to 164°C. 

See also Diesel Fuel Fossil Fuels Gasoline and Additives Kerosene Liquified Petroleum Gas Oil and Gas, Drilling for Oil and Gas, Exploration for Refining, Flistory of Residual Fuels. 

Regional scarcities of coal initially drove these uses. As petroleum became more abundant and as its price fell, oil became more attractive. In firing boilers, fuel oil possessed only a slight advantage over good-quality coal in Btus per unit volume. But liquid fuels were much easier to handle and store than coal. Competitive pressures kept the prices per Btu of residual oil and coal quite close. 

Another approach used to reduce the harmful effects of heavy metals in petroleum residues is metal passivation. In this process an oil-soluble treating agent containing antimony is used that deposits on the catalyst surface in competition with contaminant metals, thus reducing the catalytic activity of these metals in promoting coke and gas formation. Metal passivation is especially important in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes. Additives that improve FCC processes were found to increase catalyst life and improve the yield and quality of products. ... 

A higher steam/hydrocarhon ratio favors olefin formation. Steam reduces the partial pressure of the hydrocarbon mixture and increases the yield of olefins. Heavier hydrocarbon feeds require more steam than gaseous feeds to additionally reduce coke deposition in the furnace tubes. Liquid feeds such as gas oils and petroleum residues have complex polynuclear aromatic compounds, which are coke precursors. Steam to hydrocarbon weight ratios range between 0.2-1 for ethane and approximately 1-1.2 for liquid feeds. 

A solution of the 2-azido ester or amide (ca. 2 g) in a mixture of MeOII (95 mL) and sodium-dried THF (95 mL) was photolyzed under N2 in a Hanovia photochemical reactor (110-W medium-pressure Hg lamp with a Pyrex filter). The reaction was monitored by observing the rate of disappearance of the absorption band (Nf) at 2140 cm 1 (irradiation times of 3-5 h were generally required). When the reaction was complete the solvent was removed in vacuo and the brown residual oil chromatographed on alumina [petroleum ether (bp 60-803C)/benzene 7 3]. Further elution with benzene followed by removal of the solvent gave the product (the esters as pale yellow oils, the amides as crystalline solids), which were further purified by vacuum distillation or by recrysiallization. 

Coal, coke, petroleum crude oil, residual fuel oil... 

The growth of petroleum consumption has been quite substantial as a result of increasing demand for its distillation products. As examples, mention may be made of use of gasoline as a motor fuel, of light oil for diesel engines, of distillate and residual oils for industrial and domestic heating. 

Upgrading Petroleum Residues and Heavy Oils, Murray R. Gray... 

The 2-chlorolepidine is extracted, using two 750-ml. portions of ether (Note 1). The extract is shaken with two 200-ml. portions of water and then dried over 50 g. of potassium carbonate. After removal of the ether, the residual oil is distilled from a 200-ml. modified Claisen flask.2 The colorless distillate boils at 132-135°/3 mm. and weighs 118-122 g. (89-92%). The distillate is melted if necessary and poured into 250 ml. of petroleum ether (b.p. 40-50°) the solution is then chilled in a freezing mixture the crystals are filtered by suction and dried in a vacuum desiccator over paraffin. The snow-white 2-chlorolepidine melts at 58-59° and weighs 114-118 g. (86-89%). 

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