Petroleum Refining Industry Wastes

Petroleum Refining Industry Wastes Industry Description 

This industry is engaged in producing gasoline, kerosine, fuel oils, residual fuel oils, lubricants, and other products through distillation of crude oil, cracking, or other processes. Petroleum refining is a combination of several interdependent processes, many of which are highly complex. There are more than two dozen separate processes 

Pretreatment Group Suspended Biological System Fixed Biological System Independent Physical-Chemical System 

Chrome Tanning Coarse Solids Separation + Gmt Removal + Equalization + Chemical Precipitation (Heavy Metals) + Solids Separation + Neutralization Coarse Solids Separation + Grit Removal + Equalization + Chemical Precipitation (Heavy Metals) + Solids Separation + Neutralization Coarse Solids Separation + Grit Removal + Equalization 

Vegetable Coarse Solids Separation Coarse Solids Separaration Coarse Solids 

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Petroleum Refining Industry Wastes Industry Description... 

Wang, L.K. and Wang, M.H.S., Control of Hazardous Wastes in Petroleum Refining Industry, Technical Paper (No. LIR/1080/2) presented at the 6th Annual Convention of the CAAPS, New York City, NY, October 1980. 

Fenster, D. E., 1990, Hazardous Waste Laws, Regulations, and Taxes for the U.S. Petroleum Refining Industry. Pen Well Books, Tulsa, OK, 215 pp. 

In general, waste streams from the petrochemical industry are quite similar to those of the petroleum refining industry. Limited data are available, but almost all assume that waste management operations and facilities are probably of the same degree of sophistication as those of the petroleum refining industry. 

Snider EH, Manning FS. 1982. A survey of pollutant emission levels in waste waters and residuals from the petroleum refining industry. Environ Int 7 237- 258. 

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF WASTES AND WASTE TREATMENT IN THE PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY... 

The nitrophenols have been identified in effluents from several industries. 2-Nitrophenol has been detected in effluents from photographic and electronics industries (Bursey and Pellizzari 1982). Nitrophenols (isomer unidentified) at a concentration of 5 mg/L was detected in oil shale retort water (Dobson et al. 1985). Nitrophenols have been identified in effluents from other chemical plants, as well. 4-Nitrophenol has been identified in effluent from a pesticide plant (EPA 1985). Both 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol were detected in the final effluent from the waste water of a petroleum refining industry (Snider and Manning 1982). Nitrophenols have also been identified in primary and secondary effluents of municipal waste water treatment plants. For example, both nitrophenols were identified in the secondary effluent from a waste water treatment plant in Sauget, Illinois, (Ellis et al. 1982), and 4-nitrophenol was detected in both primary and secondary effluent... 

API Publication 300 (1991) Generation and management of wastes and secondary materials in the petroleum refining industry 1987-1988. (American Petroleum Institute). 

The Generation and Management of Waste and Secondary Materials in the Petroleum Refining Industry. 1987-1988... 

Waste Minimization for Selected Residues in the Petroleum Refining Industry. US EPA Solid Waste and Engineering Response, Dec. 1996,47 p... 

Tables 14.20.1 and 14.20.2 give solvent releases and transfers data for the petroleum refining industry. Transfers are small fraction of releases which means that most wastes are processed on-site.

From the thousands of different hydrocarbons in the liquid mixture, the task of the petroleum refining industry is to produce usable products with a minimum of waste. The various physical and chemical processes for this purpose fall into two broad categories separation processes, which separate the complex mixture into various fractions, and reforming processes, which alter the molecular structure of the hydrocarbon components themselves. 

As platinum is stable to most reagents, it is used in crucibles for analytical chemistry. But, B, Si, Pb, P, As, Sb and Bi, produce low melting point compounds with platinum under a reductive atmosphere, so platinum vessels are not used with these elements. A main use of platinum is ornaments, thermocouples, crucibles, electric contact points, electrodes, electric furnaces, chemical apparatuses, dental materials, catalysts for hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, isomerization, etc. Platinum black is used as a catalyst in the petroleum-refining industries and for catalytic car waste gas treatment [3—10]. 

This point is so elementary that it is often overlooked. For processes producing millions of pounds of biobased plastics or billions of gallons of fuel ethanol per year, essentially all of the raw material must be converted to saleable products, or at a minimum, not into wastes requiring expensive treatment and disposal. The petroleum refining industry has over time learned how to convert nearly all of the raw material into products. To compete effectively with this entrenched industry, the biobased products industry must become similarly efficient. Yield (conversion of raw material to products) must be increased and improved. 

The K list is for wastes from specific sources, such as wastewater treatment sludge from the production of pigments, API separator sludge from the petroleum refining industry, and spent carbon from the treatment of wastewater containing explosives. 

The largest consumers of water in the United States are thermal power plants (eg, steam and nuclear power plants) and the iron and steel, pulp and paper, petroleum refining, and food-processing industries. They consume >60% of the total industrial water requirements (see also Power generation Wastes, industrial). 

Petrochemical recovered oil. Organic chemical manufacturing facilities sometimes recover oil from their organic chemical industry operations. U.S. EPA excluded petrochemical recovered oil from the definition of solid waste when the facility inserts the material into the petroleum-refining process of an associated or adjacent petroleum refinery. Only petrochemical recovered oil that is hazardous because it exhibits the characteristic of ignitability or exhibits the toxicity characteristic for benzene (or both) is eligible for the exclusion. 

The sources, amounts, and composition of injected hazardous wastes are a matter of record, because the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)5,14 requires hazardous waste to be manifested (i.e., a record noting the generator of the waste, its composition or characteristics, and its volume must follow the waste load from its source to its ultimate disposal site). The sources and amounts of injected hazardous waste can be determined, therefore, based on these records. Table 20.2 shows the estimated volume of deep-well-injected wastes by industrial category.3 More than 11 billion gallons of hazardous waste were injected in 1983. Organic chemicals (51%) and petroleum-refining and petrochemical products (25%) accounted for three-quarters of the volume of injected wastes that... 

Other industrial activities involving bulk chemicals, such as storage/distribution, waste processing, and petroleum refining. 

Analysis of CSB data shows that reactive incidents are not unique to the chemical manufacturing industry (Figure 10). Although about 70 percent of the 167 incidents occurred in the chemical industry, the remaining 30 percent occurred in other industries that use bulk quantities of chemicals-such as waste processing and petroleum refining. 

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