Recording notes

The sources, amounts, and composition of injected hazardous wastes are a matter of record, because the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)5,14 requires hazardous waste to be manifested (i.e., a record noting the generator of the waste, its composition or characteristics, and its volume must follow the waste load from its source to its ultimate disposal site). The sources and amounts of injected hazardous waste can be determined, therefore, based on these records. Table 20.2 shows the estimated volume of deep-well-injected wastes by industrial category.3 More than 11 billion gallons of hazardous waste were injected in 1983. Organic chemicals (51%) and petroleum-refining and petrochemical products (25%) accounted for three-quarters of the volume of injected wastes that... 

Any deviations from the normal skeletal pattern are recorded (Note 4). Various commercially available laboratory data management software are available to capture and process all findings in a GLP-controlled environment. 

Once the data have been recorded in machine-readable form, they may be further processed to improve the signal-to-noise characteristics of the record. Note, however, that an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio will most often be at the expense of resolution, and thus smoothing the data record... 

EXTENSIONS AND COMMENTARY Here is the first example, ever, of a phen-ethylamine that is of about the same potency as therelated three-carbon amphetamine. At first approximation, one is hard put to distinguish, from the recorded notes, any major differences either in potency, in duration, or in the nature of activity, between 2C-G and GANESHA itself. 

The term raw data means laboratory or field worksheets, records, notes, or memoranda that are the result of observations, measurements or other activities which contribute significantly to the conclusions drawn from the testing or evaluation of a pesticide for purposes of registration. ... 

The record of an experiment should begin with a brief statement of the experiment to be performed. The procedure being followed should be described in all essential detail. When the procedure is described elsewhere, the notebook entry may be abbreviated to a reference to the pubhshed description. However, be certain to record any variations from the published procedure and to specify the apparatus that was used (make and model for commercial equipment, otherwise a sketch). If various pieces of equipment have identification numbers or serial numbers, these should be recorded. Note also any date of modification for apparatus. Include any calibration constants or calibration curves that are provided. For each chemical substance used, record the name, formula, source, grade or stated purity, and concentration (in case of a solution). If you have developed a checklist or work plan for the experiment, record this in your notebook also. 

Figure 1.2 The assay of an enzymatic activity by the continuous assay method. In the illustration, the reaction mixture is transferred to a cuvette, which is shown in place in the light path of the spectrometer. The addition of the enzyme directly to the cuvette initiates the reaction. Product formation results in a change in absorbance, which is monitored continuously by the detector. This change signals a deflection on a recorder. Note that product formation requires neither termination of the reaction nor separation of the substrate from the product.

Notes and Records Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London Observations Observations sur la physique... 

Figure 12 Effect of GW 1229 on the pressor responses induced by NPY and norepinephrine (NE) in inactin-anesthetized rats. GW 1229 was administered as an intravenous infusion at half log incremental doses (0.1-10 nmol kg 1 min-1) over a 10 min period. Porcine NPY (1 nmol kg-1) and NE (3 nmol kg-1) were administered as an intravenous bolus, 1 min after the end of the compound infusion and peak changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were recorded. Note the absence of any effect on the pressor response to iv NE. Control MAP changes to NPY and NE were 28 1 and 56 8 mmHg, respectively. Results are shown as percent change of control (mean SE n = 5). P< 0.05 P< 0.01. (Reproduced from Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1995 92, 9067-9071.)...

This procedure can also be applied to "cycled-A/F" experiments in which only time-averaged concentration measurements are recorded. Note that one must first average the inlet concentrations over the A/F cycle and then average the appropriate steady-state outlet concentrations over the A/F cycle before calculating an average "instantaneous response" conversion. One can not average the steady-state conversion levels themselves in order to get an average conversion. 

Absolute pressure at the downstream end of the core is also monitored. This output pressure is maintained by a sensitive, manual needle valve that withstands the major pressure drop of the experiment. Because this is a steady-state experiment and not a core-flood, the correct setting of this valve needs to be made very infrequently during the run after steady state has been reached. The three transducer readings are continually recorded on a chart recorder, noted graphically on a computer screen, and periodically written to disk by a dedicated personal computer. 

A journal is a book in which you write your secret thoughts, record all your fun adventures, and draw pictures of things you see. A journal can also be used to record, or set down in writing, things you ve learned or discovered. John James Audubon used a journal to record notes and draw pictures of the birds of North America. Wilderness explorers Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) and William Clark (1770-1838) used journals to record what they saw on their journeys out west in 1804-1806. Many things we ve learned about history and our natural world come from historical journals. Maybe someday the Nature Journal you make will become an important piece of natural history ... 

A number of Eremophila species have been listed as poisonous (3). Although few details are known, records note that 18 species were used by the Aboriginal people for medicinal purposes, E. alternifolia and E. longifolia being the most widely used. E.freelingii was used for the treatment of headaches, E. elderi for colds and E. gilesii, E. dalyana, E. duttonii for body sores (4). 

Interaction analysis is performed using the steady-state RGA. To generate information to compute the RGA, the control loops are placed in manual mode, and the process is simulated to line-out the outputs at steady-state values. Then, one-by-one, step changes in the four valve positions are imposed, and new steady-state values of the outputs are recorded. Note that, for consistency, the step directions are chosen such that AC-1 changes in the same direction. The results are recorded in Table 21.10. Thus, for example, a 0.5% increase in the position of the reflux valve, V-7, leads to a decrease of 4.5°F in the temperature on tray 4. 

Open-path TDLAS can be realized in three common implementations (i) the laser beam traverses the measurement gas volume and the absorption is recorded by a detector placed opposite to the laser source (ii) the laser transmitter and the detector receiver are mounted adjacent to each other, with the laser beam being reflected back into the detector by a retro-reflector at the far side of the gas volume and (iii) the laser and detector are mounted again side by side, but a reflecting mirror is not used and instead the (diffuse) reflections from ambient targets beyond the gas volume are recorded. Note that multipass arrangements are normally difficult to implement, and in the latter case impossible. Below, we discuss some representative examples for each of the three cases. 

Fig. 2 (A, top). Induced CD spectra of ethldlum bromide upon addition of CpG cuid dC-dG in a l-mm thermostatted cell at 3"C. Utie samples were 0.75 mM EB and 2.3 mM CpG and 0.75 and EB and 3.2 mM dC-dG. Both samples were dissolved in a D2O potassium phosphate buffer (5 mM) pD = 7.4 (pH meter + 0.4). The 6 values are direct readings from the recorder. Note that the scale of the ordinate has been expeuided below the zero level. (B, bottom figure). Induced CD spectra of ethidium bromide in the presence of equimolar mixtures of the complementary (UpG + CpA and GpU + ApC) and non-complementary ribodinucleoside monophosphates at -3 C. Note that only the complementary mixture of pyrimidine-purine dinucleosides UpG + CpA gives rise to the characteristic induced CD spectrum under the present e3q)erimental conditions.

Fig. 13. (A) The effect of increasing the stimulus intensity on the intracellularly recorded granule cell response, and on the extracellular response recorded simultaneously in the molecular layer. Note from this record that the latency of the action potential in the intracellular record corresponds well with the latency of the population spike in the extracellular record. Note also that the fiber potential (arrow) is not contaminated by directly activated action potentials in the granule cells. The dashed lines indicate the points from which the epsp amplitude measures were taken. (B) Relationship between intracellular epsp amplitude and the extracellularly recorded fiber potential amplitude recorded from young ( ) and old (O) rat slices. (From Barnes and McNaughton, 1980.)...

The controller is placed on manual control and a step change AS is applied. With a recorder, note the size of the step change and time of application. The reaction curve should be approximately as shown in Fig. 4.44. 

Figure 14.13 Result of a thermobalance experiment. As a function of time, the loss in mass is recorded. Note that the pressure is ramped with time, while the temperature is kept constant.

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