Pesticide Markets

Today, however, GC-GC coupling is seldom used to determine pesticides in environmental samples (2), although comprehensive MDGC has been applied to determine pesticides in more complex samples, such as human serum (19). On the other-hand, new trends in the pesticide market, which is now moving towards the production of optically active enantiomers and away from racemic mixtures, may make this area suitable for GC-GC application. The coupling of non-chiral columns to chiral columns appears to be a suitable solution to the separation problems that such a trend might cause. 

Farm Chemical. "A Look at World Pesticide Markets " Meister Publishing Co., Willoughby, Ohio, September 1981 p 55-60. 

Agrow Reports. World Non-Agricultural Pesticide Market PJB Pubhcations London, 2000. 

There are a few companies that are hoping to change this. Several chemical companies that already have a large share of the chemical pesticide market are actively screening fermentation broths. A major motivation for this probably comes from the present concern about our environment. There is a perception that "natural pesticides will have a much less serious environmental impact than "chemicals". Whether this advantage is real or only psychological remains to be seen. 

The majority of these agrochemical sales are controlled by the 25 companies whose annual income from agrochemicals represent over 90% of the pesticide market (Table 1.1). 

While commercial agrochemicals constitute the largest segment of the pesticide market, home and garden use products made a significant economic contribution to the otherwise lackluster years of 1982-3, (Fig. 6) with an estimated volume of 97M 45 fungicides, 30) ... 

In many cases, those compounds which are most difficult to assay by classical procedures because of numerous polar functionalities and poor volatility are the very compounds which lend themselves most readily to immunochemical analysis (4). One can also predict that the number of pesticides marketed with a high... 

Another concern is that the pesticides market is most probably underestimated in Asia. Given the production/consumption relationship between markets, it has been noted that the EU system of creating positive and negative lists of pesticides creates mixed consequences for Asian countries. On one hand, it has led to some dangerous pesticides being phased out (partly because of EU limits on pesticide residues in foods imported from Asia). On the other, pesticides approved in... 

This was the 16th most popular pesticide in the United States in 2001 at 3-5 million kilograms usage, but in 1987, it was the second most popular pesticide. This demonstrates that the pesticide market is always changing as new compounds are developed and as older compounds go out of patent protection. 

The Committee eonsidered the harmonization of specifications issued by WHO and FAO. Many pesticides marketed internationally are of interest to both organizations, particularly insecticides and rodenti-eides. For some of these pesticides, WHO and FAO have published separate specifications, but the parameters to be measured and the criteria adopted are sometimes quite different. In most cases, it would be better to specify the same tests in both sets of specifications, particularly for technical materials (TC) and technical concentrates (TK). Because the intended functions of the formulated products may differ for agricultural and public health use, it is to be expected that the criteria (i.e. the limits quoted) for a particular type of formulation may also differ in some cases. 

These make up around 40% of the pesticide market. The range includes amines, amides, carbamates, imides, phenylureas and triazines. They act by direct contact with leaves, translocation and root uptake. 

How have these biologicals impacted the pesticide industry to date The answer is, very little. Of a total worldwide pesticide market of about 20 billion, biologicals account for only about 50- 60 million -less than half of a percent. Why has there been so little market acceptance of these products To understand this we need to compare both the advantages and the disadvantages of biological pesticides as compared to synthetic chemicals (Table II). 

Within the overall pesticide market, the proportion of insecticide sales decreased during the 1980s (from about 32% to 29%), but has changed little over the last... 

Figure 8.1 Worldwide pesticide markets in the final two decades of the 20th century. Data compiled from annual reviews of the Crop Protection Association...

In the end, the only significant control measures were smoke-collecting devices—settling chambers, baghouses, and electrostatic precipitators—that captured arsenic but had little effect on sulfur emissions. Arsenic could be sold market demand grew rapidly between 1918 and 1923 after it was shown that calcium arsenate could control the boll weevils that devastated cotton crops. In 1923, Anaconda added more precipitators soon the smelter by itself produced nearly enough arsenic to saturate the pesticide market nationwide, and the company worked intensely to find additional uses. Spread across farm fields and sprayed on fruit, the arsenic captured in the precipitators created a new set of environmental problems that would be bequeathed to posterity.13... 

The global chemical-pesticide market of about 31 billion is increasing 1 to 2% per year the cost for developing a single new pesticide was estimated to be about 80 million in 1999, and the demand for much toxicological research on each single new substance is the most important reason for this... 

The expected increase in population and the corresponding demand for food leaves no doubt as to the growing need for pesticides. As we explore the pesticide markets and distribution patterns in the future, we must take into consideration the size of the market, the increasing size of the farm enterprise, and the changes taking place in distribution patterns to supply and service these larger crop producing units. 

France is the largest EU pesticide market in terms of sold volume, accounting for 31% of the pesticides sales in the EU in 1996. Italy, the second most important market, is a far behind France with 16% of the European market, followed by UK (12%), Germany (12%) and Spain (11%). The top five markets, i.e., France, Germany, Italy, UK and Spain, account for over 80% of the EU sales. ... 

Total loads Herbicides represent about 44% of the total pesticides market, compared with about 29% for insecticides, 21% for fungicides and 6% for other pesticides. 

Another important advantage of the zoning system is that in regulating the use of pesticides with reference to the hydrogeological situation, the users of pesticides will automatically create a market for pesticides that are more fit to be used within a specific area. As the use of pesticides in a certain zone is permitted on the basis of their accumulation or pollution value, farmers will try to find pesticides which pollute less under those circumstances. An open pesticide market will automatically try to develop new products to satisfy the newly created demands. The market itself will give producers the incentive to create a broader spectrum of pesticides for specific hydrogeological conditions. 

Chemical Pesticide Markets, Health Risks and Residues... 

---