Negative List

Germany None. Elat rate of co-payment for the first 14 days per year of hospitalization, after which there is no cost sharing of any sort Variable co-payment. RP system. No coverage is applied to those pharmaceuticals on public financing negative lists... 

None for population category I. Deductibles are applied to the rest of the population which also act as monthly maximum levels of user participation. Pharmaceuticals included in the negative list of pubhc funding are not covered... 

Switzerland Combination of annual deductibles and percentage cost-sharing rates Per diem co-payments for hospitalization User sharing in drug consumption costs, which varies between different health insurance schemes. Negative lists of medicines exclude consumption from public coverage... 

UK None None, except for hospital rest beds Co-payments, although 83% of prescriptions are exempt Negative lists of medicines exclude NHS coverage... 

Since 1990, responsibility for containing the public pharmaceutical bill in Spain has fallen to a variety of instruments, none of which has proved particularly effective at cost containment, as can be seen from Table 6.1. These instruments have included stricter control over the National Health Service (NHS) (Sistema Nacional de Salud or SNS) budget for pharmaceuticals, modifications to the co-payment rates for certain drugs for chronic diseases, the exclusion of certain drugs from public financing (negative lists) and agreements with laboratories and pharmacies.1... 

Negative list Price control Profit control Package size Number of items per prescription Coercive budgets Non-coercive Indicative budgets... 

Despite this fact, beyond the pressure exerted on the laboratories, almost none of the measures that have been implemented in Spain (negative lists, RP, control of authorized prices, generic introduction, transfer of return above an agreed threshold and price or markup reduction by decree) have any direct influence on the day-to-day development of expenditure and its key protagonists users, pharmacies and above all prescribes. 

Article 7 Deals with Limited Lists (Negative lists)... 

With regard to the flavouring preparations, some EU countries have negative lists for plant materials which should not be used for production of flavouring preparations. 

PSC Single-sourcing negative list (infeasible product-site-country allocations) ... 

The explicit control of named contaminants requires that the possibility of their presence has been recognised and recorded in, for example, a negative list. Almost by definition, the majority of contaminants are not of this nature. Analysis for contaminants in packaging materials and for any migration of same, is difficult and almost open-ended. For this reason, much emphasis is needed on Good Manufacturing Practice and in record-keeping. 

Certain abbreviations are easily misinterpreted. Controlling dangerous abbreviations can reduce communication errors. Although many health care facilities have lists of abbreviations that are approved for use by professional staff, it would be far safer if each hospital also developed a list of abbreviations that never should be used. In fact, such a negative list is easier to maintain and enforce. In addition, The Joint Commission (TJC), has recommended that accredited organizations standardize abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols used throughout their facilities, including a list of abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols not to use. 

Another concern is that the pesticides market is most probably underestimated in Asia. Given the production/consumption relationship between markets, it has been noted that the EU system of creating positive and negative lists of pesticides creates mixed consequences for Asian countries. On one hand, it has led to some dangerous pesticides being phased out (partly because of EU limits on pesticide residues in foods imported from Asia). On the other, pesticides approved in... 

An auxiliary such as povidone, crospovidone or copovidone cannot be registered as such by the authorities for use in pharmaceutical products. In Europe, Japan or America, it is always only possible to register a finished drug. There is no general positive or negative list of auxiliaries used in pharmaceuticals. It is only possible to state in which countries pharmaceuticals that contain povidone, copovidone and/or crospovidone are registered. 

Bitter substances are defined (Art. 1292) negative lists (Art. 1293) and a positive list with 11 bitter substances (Art. 1294) are given. 

A negative list of prohibited ingredients is contained in Article 252 ... 

Article 7 Deals with limited lists (negative lists). 

Surveillance of Compliance with OELs for wo( dust over recent years. Thore are several reasons why worlqilaces where wood dust is generated have been monitored quite intosively since the md of the 1980s. Probably most important reason has been the negative list of the TRGS 553. This imphes a threat that the Committee of Hazardous Substance will witibdraw workplaces and / or machinery mentioned in tins list if no da is supplied when the list is revised. It is... 

Substances to have a sound basis for revising the negative list of the TRGS 553 (Detering et al 1999, Detering et al 2000). This is the list, that includes those work areas and installation where the TRK value of 2 mg/m cannot be realised. Its revision was postponed several times " but the final deadline for revision was set for 31 December 1999. After that date, only those work areas / installations, for which supporting data " had been delivered would remain on the list. 

Positive lists, such as essential medicines hsts, based on criteria for inclusion (public health needs, therapeutic value, cost) or Negative lists, excluding certain products... 

As a result of legislation, we have a positive list of flavor chemicals that may be used in a food if a chemical is not on this fist, it cannot be used. Some countries have a negative list, a list of compounds that cannot be used, or a mixed system, a positive and negative list. The FEMA Expert Panel has continued to serve as a scientific body which is advisory to the FDA. Over the years, the FDA has accepted the decisions of this committee. It has gained a very credible record both in the U.S. and around the world. 

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